1. English Colonization of New England

2. Puritans  Reformation of Anglican Church Too much like Catholics Too much like Catholics  Followed teachings of John Calvin People were born sinners People were born sinners Predestination Predestination

3. Plymouth Colony – 1620  Settlement of North America – Virginia Co. (Joint Stock)  Landed in Mass. south of modern day Boston  Pilgrims called Separatists –isolation was good  Mayflower Compact Democracy in America Democracy in America  William Bradford

4. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)  Est. a Royal Colony - Boston  Puritans - non- separatists  Governor – John Winthrop Winthrop called the colony a “City on the Hill” Winthrop called the colony a “City on the Hill” Built Fenway Park Built Fenway Park

5. Puritan Work Ethic  Worship & hard work were tenets of Puritanism  They reserved some time for leisure, but not much

6. New England Local Government  Town Councils Church officials not allowed Church officials not allowed Must be church member - high ranking people were elected Must be church member - high ranking people were elected Vote: male member of the church in good standing Vote: male member of the church in good standing  General Court – colonial legislature

7. New England Population  Towns developed throughout New England  Towns allowed religion and education to take a central role  New Colonies formed like Conn, RI Fundamental Orders of Conn. Fundamental Orders of Conn.

8. New England Education  Old Deluder Acts – grammar school in every town – Why?  New England Primer

9. Economy in New England  Subsistence farming  Lumber, fur, naval stores, fish, shipping  Did not want for gold  What was the Puritan philosophy of business?

10. Native Relations in New England  Got along at first  Indians were pagans/wild  Puritans leaders feared Indian life would appeal to some Puritans To prevent this… To prevent this… They cut down forestsThey cut down forests Created farmsCreated farms Built English looking structuresBuilt English looking structures  Some conversion attempts

11. Native American Tensions  N Englanders felt Indians underutilized the land.  Land transactions were often misunderstandings  Tensions from cutting down forests to farm, graze, build houses  Led to conflict

12. Pequot’s War  New Englanders tried to extend territory in Conn  The Pequots refused and the colonists declared war  The colonists got Native American  Native American concept of war v. European

13. Religion in Mass Bay  There was almost no tolerance for other religions and certainly not for religious dissent  Roger Williams  Anne Hutchinson

14. Salem Witch Trials (1692)  Salem, Mass  Devil is trying to influence (lack of piety)  Executed 20 people  Cotton Mather Influential preacher Influential preacher Bought into hysteria Bought into hysteria Convinced devil was influencing people Convinced devil was influencing people

15. First Great Awakening  Secular Puritanism  Occurred in all colonies  Jonathan Edwards – 1730s-1740s Fire and brimstone Fire and brimstone Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God  Works for a while, by 1750s secularization continues

16. Puritans - Conclusion  The City on the Hill was a failure because the intended audience, the Brits, paid no attention to them.  To most in England, the Puritan experiment seemed at best strange and at worst seditious  The Puritan irrelevance was compounded by the restoration of the crown in 1660.  The Restoration discredited the short lived Puritan regime in Britain during the 1640s-50s.  After this, British Puritans dwindled in numbers.