1. The Beginning of the Life Cycle
Group 3 Chapter 20 Lesson 1

2. For Pregnant high school girls (grades 9-12)
Presented by Shelly Belithe, Melda Louis, Shreya Kaushal, Kate Keeley, Cindy Paul
For Pregnant high school girls (grades 9-12)

3. Objectives Knowledge The students will be able to:
List at least one highlight of fetal development during the first, second, and third trimesters.
Describe at least two common complications that occur during pregnancy.
List and describe the three stages of birth.
Identify resources in Gainesville they can use i.e. Medicaid, WIC, and Food Stamps.

4. Objectives Attitude: The students will be able to:
Feel responsible in having the knowledge to care for themselves and their growing child.
Feel secure as they are aware of signs and symptoms that could lead to complications.

5. Objectives Practice: The students will be able to:
Take steps to have a healthy pregnancy i.e. nutrition, sleep, and exercise.
Distinguish between true and false labor.

6. Prenatal Development

7. CONCEPTION Sperm unites with the egg to form zygote
23 chromosomes from each parent
Unique genetic fingerprint determines:
gender
body type
color of hair, eyes, skin

8. IMPLANTATION Occurs 7 to 10 days after fertilization
Blastocyst attaches to the wall of your uterus
Body starts producing the pregnancy hormone hCG
Now referred to as an embryo

9. 1st Trimester The 1st MONTH
The embryo grows 10,000 times larger than at conception
The placenta is an organ in the uterus that nourishes the embryo
By the third week, the heart begins to beat

10. 1st Trimester 2 MONTHS Embryo is now called a fetus
Teeth form and fingers and toes develop
Brain waves
All body systems are present
Fetus can suck his thumb!

11. 1st Trimester 3 MONTHS
The fetus can now squint, swallow and move the tongue
sleep
own fingerprints
sensitive to touch

12. 2nd Trimester 4 MONTHS The brain is maturing Eyelids are sealed shut
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) has been recorded- a sign of dreaming
What do they dream about in the womb???

13. 2nd Trimester 5 MONTHS The fetus is very active
Kicking, hiccupping, turning
Babies born at this stage have survived

14. 2nd Trimester 6 Months The fetus can sweat
The skin is covered with a white filmy layer to protect him from scratches as he twists and turns
The fetus can respond to sound

15. 3rd Trimester 7 Months The fetus can now recognize the mother’s voice
At this time the eyes can reopen
Fingernails cover his fingertips

16. 3rd Trimester 8 Months The fetus continues to gain weight
The fetus is developing a layer of fat to keep warm after birth
Will shift to a head-down position to prepare for birth

17. 3rd Trimester 9 Months
The lungs are fully developed and capable of breathing air
As the womb becomes more crowded, you may feel less movement

18. What is happening to your body?

19. Prevent Complication

20. Nutrition and Supplements
300 extra calories a day
Maintain a well-balanced diet that incorporates the dietary guidelines including:
lean meats
fruits
vegetables
whole-grain breads
low-fat dairy products

21. Calcium Pregnant women need 27 to 30 mg of calcium
Good sources of calcium include:
low-fat dairy products
calcium-fortified products
dark green vegetables
dried beans

22. Iron Needed to make hemoglobin
Red blood cells deliver oxygen to all cells
Some examples of iron-rich foods include:
red meat
tuna
eggs
enriched grains
leafy green vegetables

23. Folate (Folic Acid)
CDC recommends 0.4 milligrams of folic acid supplements every day
Studies have shown that folic acid supplements decrease the risk of neural tube defects by up to 70%

24. Fluids Drink plenty of fluids, especially water Prevents dehydration
Prevents constipation

25. Exercise
30 minutes or more of moderate intensity physical activity every day
prevents excess weight gain
reduces back pain, swelling, and constipation
improves sleep
increases energy
lessens recovery time

27. Sleep Comfortable position Sleep on left side
Lying on side with knees bent
Keeps heart rate at a normal speed
Reduce varicose veins, constipation, hemorrhoids
Sleep on left side
Keeps uterus off large organs
Optimizes blood flow to placenta then to baby
Keeps pressure off your back

28. Fish/Certain Foods Limit to 12 pounds of fish per week
Foods you'll want to steer clear of include:
soft, un pasteurized cheeses
un pasteurized milk
raw eggs
raw or undercooked meats
processed meats
Avoid fish with too much mercury

29. COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY

30. High Blood Pressure Toxemia, Hypertension
Blood pressure drops in the 1st and 2nd trimester and rises only in the 7th month
Leads to stroke, growth retardation, and premature delivery

31. Diabetes Excessive hunger and thirst
Frequent Urination especially during the second trimester
Recurrent vaginal infection
High Blood Pressure

32. Harmful Effects of Diabetes
For mother diabetes can lead to:
A miscarriage
An abnormal Fetus
A Premature Delivery
For a baby diabetes can cause:
Hypoglycemia or Low blood sugar level

33. How Much Weight Should I Gain?

34. Excessive Weight Gain Hydraminos
Greater pressure on the cervix causes premature dilation and delivery
Large fetus could lead to difficult delivery

35. Inadequate Weight Gain
Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR)
A condition where the growth of the fetus is abnormal
Less amniotic fluid around the fetus (oligohydramnios )

36. Placental Abruption Major cause for bleeding during late pregnancy
Results from placenta peeling away from the uterus
It occurs in less than 1 % of the females

37. Placenta Praevia Low lying placenta
Attached to the lower half of the uterus, partially covering, or touching the cervix
Complication occurs in only 1% or less of full-term pregnancies

38. RH Factor Associated with the blood type
People with no Rh factor in their blood are called Rh negative
Occurs only if the mother is Rh negative but the father is positive

39. Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy-induced hypertension
If the mother’s blood pressure still rises during the third trimester along with weight gain, then it is often referred to as Pre-eclampsia

40. The Birth Process

41. How to Tell when Labor Is Approaching
Contractions
Lower back pain
Premenstrual cramps
Water breaks
Mucous discharge
Cervix is dilating

42. True Labor Vs. False Labor Contractions
regular intervals and get closer together
continue despite movement
felt in the back then to the front
irregular and do not get closer together
may stop when you walk or rest
felt in the abdomen

43. What Happens During Labor

44. Stage 1 The cervix thins out Stage usually lasts several hours
Early labor- 0 to 3 centimeters dilated
Active labor -3 to 4 centimeters dilated contractions more intense and frequent and the cervix dilates faster
By the end of the first stage, the cervix will have fully dilated to 10 centimeters

45. Stage 2 The mother starts to push Labor may last 2 or 3 hours
Depending on several factors:
-position of the baby's head
-size of the baby
-size of birth canal
End of stage: Birth

46. Stage 3
The placenta, or afterbirth, comes out of the uterus through the birth canal
Usually happens within 30 minutes after the birth of the baby

47. Episiotomy Baby’s head appears Perineum stretches and may tear
To prevent tearing, doctor makes a small incision to enlarge vaginal opening

48. Breech presentation
The baby's bottom or legs are positioned to enter the birth canal instead of the head
The extent of the risk depends to a great extent on the type of breech presentation, of which there are three

49. Forceps delivery Required if:
umbilical dropped down in front of the baby into the birth canal
baby is too large to pass
baby shows signs of stress
mother too exhausted to push

50. Vacuum-assisted birth
Used after the cervix is fully dilated and the head of the fetus has begun to descend through the pelvis
Creates suction that gently pulls on the cup to ease the baby down the birth canal

51. Cesarean sections C-section
Incisions are made through a woman's abdomen and uterus
Performed when abnormal conditions complicate labor
Difficult labor, is common reason for performing a c-section

52. Resources

53. Medicaid
Medicaid is the state and federal partnership that provides health coverage for selected categories of people with low incomes. Its purpose is to improve the health of people who might otherwise go without medical care for themselves and their children. (AHCA 2006)
Medicaid provides coverage for newborns and mothers

54. WIC Provide food at no cost Nutrition education counseling
Breastfeeding support
Referrals to healthcare, immunizations, and community services

55. How to Apply? Contact your local health department
They will set up an appointment with you to see if you and your family are eligible

56. Food Stamps
The Food Stamp Program helps low-income households to buy nutritious food

57. Eligibility Must live in Florida Must be a US citizen
Work at least 20 hrs a week
Meet Income requirements

58. What can you buy with Food Stamps?
Food stamp benefits can only be used for food and for plants and seeds to grow food for your household to eat

59. How to apply? Now you can apply online by visiting: