1. Roosevelt & Progressivism
The Progressive Era
Chapter 22, Section 1

2. Essential Questions: What were the goals of the Progressive Movement?
How did Teddy Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” impact the United States?
What reforms were achieved by the Progressives?

3. Nellie Bly (Muckraker)
Newspaper Journalist for the NY World
Faked Being Mentally ill
Uncovered Patients Being Choked & Beaten in Mental Asylums

4. Nellie Bly Also Wrote About & Exposed: Slums
Poor Working Conditions in Factories
Problems in Prisons
Treatment of the Elderly in Nursing Homes

5. Problems Caused by Industrialization & Urbanization

6. Problems Caused by Industrialization & Urbanization

7. Progressivism Reform Movement to Attack Problems in Society
Started by Native Born & Middle Class Americans
Believed in the Power of Democracy

8. Muckrakers
Writers & Photographers that Exposed Corruption in American Society (Early 1900’s)
Created Public Demand for Reform (Upset the Public)
Jacob Riis, Lewis Hine, Ida B. Wells

9. Lewis Hines’ Famous Pics

13. Ida Tarbell Female Muckraker
Wrote a Book Attacking John D. Rockefeller’s Use of Unfair Tactics to Force Smaller Companies Out of Business
Exposed the Evils of Monopolies & Trusts

15. 3 Basic Goals of the Progressives:
Reform the Government & Expand Democracy (Political)
Promote the Social Welfare of the People (Social)
Create Economic Reform (Economic)

16. What is Patronage?
Patronage is Giving Out Jobs to Friends of Yours in Government or Business

17. Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883)
Law Intended to Stop Patronage
Made People Take Exams to Get a Job in Government
Can’t Fire Employees for Political Reasons
You Can’t Fire Workers Because You Don’t Like Them or Their Beliefs

18. Progressive Goal #1: Reform the Government & Expand Democracy

19. Direct Primary Citizens Can Now VOTE for Candidates to Run for Office
For Democrats 2008 Obama/Clinton/Biden
For Republicans 2012 McCain/Giuliani/Romney
Party Conventions Used to Pick Who Would Run (Never the Citizens)

20. Initiative Allows for Voters to PROPOSE a Law Directly
Voters Can Propose (Create) a Law for the Town/State/ Country to Vote On
Driving Age/ Drinking Age/ Lights on the Track

21. Referendum A Proposed Law (Initiative) That is Voted on by the People
School Budgets Are Referendums:
People Vote on Them Annually
The Roof/Track/ Lights Were Voted On by the Town

22. Recall Allows Voters to Vote An Official OUT of Office
Governor of California Was RECALLED by Voters:
Arnold Took Over!
You Can VOTE OUT the 8th Grade Officers if You Wanted Through a RECALL! JK! 

23. Progressive Goal #2: Promoting the Social Welfare (Helping Citizens of the U.S)
Address Problems Such As:
Poverty
Unemployment
Poor Working Conditions/Low Pay
Child Labor, Etc…
Jane Addams – The Hull House

24. Settlement Houses
Settlement Houses Helped the Poor Improve Their Lives:
Provided Daycare
Allowed Parents to Work
Provided Education
Taught English Classes to Immigrants
Offered Health Care to the Poor
Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House

25. Jane Addams Jane Addams is the Founder of the HULL HOUSE!
Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor
The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement House
Founded in Chicago (1889)

26. The Hull House

27. Florence Kelley Worked at the Hull House with Jane Addams
Fought for Higher Minimum Wages
Fought for Limiting How Many Hours Women Can Work

28. Temperance/Prohibition
Reformers Who Wanted to Outlaw Alcohol
Felt Alcohol Was Ruining Peoples Lives

29. Progressive Goal #3: Economic Reform
Monopolies & Trusts Were VERY Powerful!
Rockefeller, Carnegie, Gould & Other Robber Barons Created Trusts
Trusts:
Purchasing Stock of Your Competitor in the Same Industry
Create a Monopoly
Raise Prices & Make More $$$

33. Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Law Passed in 1890 Made Trusts ILLEGAL!
U.S. Did NOT Enforce the Law in the 1890’s
Robber Barons Were NERVOUS
Lose $$$ if There is Competition

34. Teddy Roosevelt
Famous for Being a War Hero in the Spanish American War (Cuba)
Was a Rough Rider
Energetic/Good Speaker/Strong/ Active/Outdoorsman People Loved Him!

35. Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt
Was William McKinley’s Vice President in 1900
McKinley Was Assassinated Just 6 Months After Becoming President
Roosevelt Became the Youngest President of the U.S. at Age 42
The 1st Progressive President

36. Roosevelt Attacks the Trusts!
“When I say I believe in a square deal I do not mean, and nobody who speaks the truth can mean, that he believes it possible to give every man the best hand. If the cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall not be any crookedness in the dealing.”
Theodore Roosevelt, Speech on April 5th, 1905

37. The Square Deal
What Did Teddy Roosevelt Believe When He Said, “I Believe in a Square Deal?”
Government Should Act Like an Umpire
Purpose of Government is to Ensure “Fairness” for ALL Americans

38. Teddy Roosevelt: Trustbuster
Roosevelt Wanted to Break Up ALL of the Trusts!
He Used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to Do It
No One Had Followed the Law! (Until Roosevelt)
Roosevelt Broke Up 1st the Railroads Trusts, Rockefeller’s Oil Trust & Tobacco Trusts!
Broke Up 44 in Total!

42. Upton SinClair’s The Jungle
Muckraker Who Wrote The Jungle
Book Exposed the Problems of the Meat Packing Industry
Absolutely Gross!

43. Meat Packing Industry

45. Impact of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act:
Government Inspects All Meat Sold to the Public
Pure Food & Drug Act (FDA):
Agency That Inspects All Food & Medicines
The Jungle – Huge Positive (+) Impact

46. Square Deal For African Americans?
Roosevelt Believed Discrimination & Segregation was WRONG!
Roosevelt Did Nothing for Civil Rights
Why NOT?
Feared Southern Congressman Would Block Laws in Congress (Hurt Progressive Era)

47. Conservation Protecting the Environment & Our Use of Natural Resources
Roosevelt LOVED the Environment
John Muir Was a Muckraker for the Environment

48. Roosevelt’s Accomplishments for the Environment:
Preserved Over 200 Million Acres of Public Land in the United States
Established the U.S.’s First Wildlife Refuge at Pelican Island, Florida
Doubled (2x) the Amount of National Parks in the U.S.

49. The Antiquities Act

50. Essential Questions: What were the goals of the Progressive Movement?
How did Teddy Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” impact the United States?
What reforms were achieved by the Progressives?