1. AP US History
Trading Cards

2. John Smith Time Period: Early 1600s Location: Jamestown, VA
Major Items:
No work, no food policy
Credited with saving the Jamestown Colony

3. John Rolfe Time Period: Early 1600s Location: Jamestown, VA
Major Items:
Developed a new strain of tobacco that flourished in VA; made the colony profitable

4. John Winthrop Time Period: 1630s Location: MA Bay Colony Major Items:
Governor
Gave the famous “Model of Christian Charity” sermon
Compared the colony to a “City upon a hill”

5. Anne Hutchinson Time Period: 1630s-40s Location: MA – RI – NY
Major Items:
Challenged the authority of the Puritan church
Put on trial; banished

6. Roger Williams Time Period: 1630s-40s Location: Providence, RI
Major Items:
Argued for the separation of church & state and fair dealings with Native Americans
Put on trial; banished
Founded the Baptist Church in America

7. Metacom (King Philip) Time Period: 1660s-1670s Location: New England
Major Items:
Chief of the Wampanoag Indians
Led the Native Americans against the colonists in King Philip’s War ( )

8. Jonathan Edwards Time Period: 1730s-50s Location: New England
Major Items:
First Great Awakening
Gave the famous “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” sermon (1741)
Regarded as an example of “fire & brimstone” preaching

9. George Whitefield Time Period: 1730s-50s Location: New England
Major Items:
First Great Awakening
Regarded as the best known preacher in North America

10. Benjamin Franklin Time Period: 1750s-1780s Location: Philadelphia
Major Items:
Proposed the Albany Plan of Union (1754)
Delegate to the Second Continental Congress ( )
Ambassador to France ( )
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention (1787)

11. George Washington Time Period: 1789-1797 Location: Virginia
Major Items:
Commander of the Continental Army
President
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Whiskey Rebellion (1791)
Jay Treaty (1795)
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
Pinckney Treaty (1795)
Farewell Address (1796)

12. Alexander Hamilton Time Period: 1786-1804 Location: New York
Political Party: Federalist
Major Items:
Constitutional Convention
Federalist Papers ( )
Secretary of the Treasury
First Bank of the United States
Excise tax
Helped to defeat Aaron Burr
Election of 1800
New York Governor (1804)

13. John Adams Time Period: 1797-1801 Location: Massachusetts
Political Party: Federalist
Major Items:
X, Y, Z Affair (1797)
Quasi-War ( )
Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)
Midnight Judges (1801)

14. Thomas Jefferson Time Period: 1801-1809 Location: Virginia
Political Party: Democrat-Republican
Major Items:
Declaration of Independence (1776)
KY & VA Resolutions ( )
President
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Lewis & Clark Expedition ( )
12th Amendment (1804)
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)
Embargo Act (1807)
Nonintercourse Act (1809)

15. John Marshall Time Period: Early 1800s Political Party: Federalist
Accomplishments:
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Worked to increase the power of the national government
Marbury v. Madison
Fletcher v. Peck
McCulloch v. Maryland

16. James Madison Time Period: 1809-1817 Location: Virginia
Political Party: Democratic-Republican
Major Items:
Father of the Constitution
Federalist Papers ( )
Bill of Rights (1791)
KY & VA Resolutions ( )
President
Macon’s Bill #2 (1810)
War of 1812

17. Tecumseh Time Period: Early 1800s Location: Old Northwest Major Items:
Attempted to organize Native Americans in their fight against the US
Lost to William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe
Died at the Battle of the Thames (War of 1812)

18. James Monroe Time Period: 1817-1825 Location: Virginia
Political Parties:
Democratic-Republican
Major Items:
“Era of Good Feelings”
Panic of 1819
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Monroe Doctrine (1823)

19. Henry Clay Time Period: 1812-1850 Location: Kentucky (West)
Political Parties:
Democratic-Republican
National Republican
Whig
Major Items:
Great Triumvirate
War Hawk (War of 1812)
American System
Missouri Compromise (1820)
“Corrupt Bargain” (1824)
Tariff of 1833
Compromise of 1850

20. John C. Calhoun Time Period: 1812-1850 Location: South Carolina
Political Parties:
Democratic-Republican
Democrat
Major Items:
Great Triumvirate
War Hawk (War of 1812)
Nullification Crisis (1832)
“Positive Good” Doctrine (1837)

21. Daniel Webster Time Period: 1812-1850 Location: New England
Political Parties:
Federalist
Whig
Major Items:
Great Triumvirate
Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)
Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
“Seventh of March” Speech (1850)

22. Andrew Jackson Time Period: 1829-1837 Location: Tennessee
Political Parties:
Democrat
Major Items:
Cabinet Crisis
Spoils System
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Nullification Crisis (1832)
Bank War (1832)

23. Samuel Slater Time Period: 1790s-1820s Location: RI and MA
Major Items:
“Father of the American Factory System”

24. Eli Whitney Time Period: 1790s-1820s Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
Invented the cotton gin; strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the American South
Popularized the used of interchangeable parts in the production of muskets

25. Robert Fulton Time Period: 1790s-1810s Location: Pennsylvania
Major Items:
Developed the first commercially successful steamboat

26. Samuel F. B. Morse Time Period: 1830s-1840s Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
Contributed to the invention of the telegraph system
Co-inventor of Morse code

27. Ralph Waldo Emerson Time Period: 1830s-1840s Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
Leader of the Transcendentalist Movement
Author of Nature, The American Scholar, and Self-Reliance
Developed ideas about individuality and freedom

28. Henry David Thoreau Time Period: 1830s-1860s Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
Leader of the Transcendentalist Movement
Author of Walden and Civil Disobedience
Argued for individual resistance to an unjust government
Abolitionist who argued against the Fugitive Slave Law and defended John Brown

29. Charles Finney Time Period: 1820s-1830s Location: Ohio Major Items:
Leader of the Second Great Awakening
Abolitionist

30. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Time Period: 1840s-1890s
Location: New York
Major Items:
Leader of the early women’s rights movement
Author of the Declaration of Sentiments
Modeled after the Declaration of Independence
Presented at the Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
Co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (1869)

31. Susan B. Anthony Time Period: 1850s-1920s Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
Leader of the early women’s rights movement
Co-founded the National Woman Suffrage Association (1869)
Arrested for voting (1872)

32. Nat Turner Time Period: 1831 Location: Virginia Major Items:
Led the deadliest slave rebellion in American history
Resulted in new laws prohibiting the education of slaves and restricting the rights of free blacks

33. William Lloyd Garrison
Time Period: 1830s-1870s
Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
Editor of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator
Founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society
Called for the immediate emancipation of all slaves in the US

34. Frederick Douglass Time Period: 1830s-1870s Location: Massachusetts
Major Items:
Escaped slave who became a leader of the abolitionist movement

35. James K. Polk Time Period: 1845-1849 Location: Tennessee
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
Oregon Treaty (1846)
Mexican War ( )
Wilmot Proviso (1846)

36. Stephen A. Douglas Time Period: 1843-1861 Location: Illinois
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)
Freeport Doctrine (1858)

37. John Brown Time Period: 1856-1859 Location: Kansas & (West) Virginia
Major Items:
Pottawatomie Massacre (1856)
Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859)

38. Abraham Lincoln Time Period: 1861-1865 Location: Illinois
Political Parties:
Republican
National Union
Major Items:
Civil War ( )
Homestead Act (1862)
Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
Gettysburg Address (1863)
Pacific Railway Act (1863)
Assassination (1865)

39. Andrew Johnson Time Period: 1865-1869 Location: Tennessee
Political Parties:
Republican
Major Items:
13th Amendment (1865)
Freedman’s Bureau
Reconstruction Acts (1867) – Vetoed, Overridden
Black Codes
14th Amendment (1868)
Impeachment Trial (1868)
KKK

40. Thaddeus Stevens Time Period: 1850s-1860s Location: Pennsylvania
Political Party:
Radical Republican
Major Items:
Most powerful member of the US House of Representatives during the Civil War
Drafted the Fourteenth Amendment & Reconstruction Acts (1867)
Proposed the resolution for Johnson’s impeachment (1868)

41. Charles Sumner Time Period: 1850s-1870s Location: Massachusetts
Political Party:
Radical Republican
Major Items:
Nearly killed by SC Senator Preston Brooks (1856)
Worked with Representative Thaddeus Stevens to block Johnson’s Reconstruction plans

42. Crazy Horse Time Period: 1876-1877 Location: Dakota Territory
Major Items:
Sioux Leader
Defeated George A. Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1877)
Commemorated by a monument in the Black Hills, SD

43. Chief Joseph Time Period: 1877 Location: Oregon Country Major Items:
Nez Perce Leader
Renowned as a humanitarian and peacemaker

44. Sitting Bull Time Period: 1876-1890 Location: Dakota Territory
Major Items:
Sioux Leader
Helped to defeat George A. Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn (1877)
Toured with Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show (1884)
Killed just before the Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890)

45. Geronimo Time Period: 1855-1909 Location: Southwest Major Items:
Apache Leader
Led Native American resistance against the United States and Mexico

46. Gilded Age Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes (R) James A. Garfield (R)
Great Railroad Strike (1877)
James A. Garfield (R)
Half-Breeds v. Salwarts
Chester A. Arthur (R)
Pendleton Act (1883)
Grover Cleveland (D)
Haymarket Square Riot (1886)
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Dawes Severalty Act (1887)
Benjamin Harrison (R)
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
McKinley Tariff (1890)
Homestead Strike (1892)
Grover Cleveland (D)
Panic of 1893
Pullman Strike (1894)
Coxey’s Army (1894)

47. Thomas Nast Time Period: 1860s-1880s Major Items:
Considered to be the “Father of the American Cartoon”
Worked for Harper’s Weekly
Instrumental in the downfall of Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall ( )

48. William McKinley Time Period: 1897-1901 Location: Ohio
Political Parties:
Republican
Major Items:
New Imperialism
Spanish-American War (1898)
Open Door Policy (1899)
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Assassination (1901)

49. William Jennings Bryan
Time Period: 1890s-1915
Location: Illinois
Political Parties:
Populist; Democrat
Major Items:
Ran for president in 1896, 1900, & 1908
Promoted free silver, anti-imperialism, & trust-busting
Famous for his “Cross of Gold Speech”
Argued against teaching evolution in the Scopes Trial (1925)

50. William Randolph Heart
Time Period: 1880s-1930s
Major Items:
Newspaper publisher – The New York Journal
Associated with the creation of yellow journalism leading up to the Spanish American War

51. Cornelius Vanderbilt Time Period: 1830s-1870s Major Items:
US shipping and railroad tycoon

52. Andrew Carnegie Time Period: 1870s-1910s Major Items:
Founder of Carnegie Steel Company
Author of The Gospel of Wealth in which he described the role of philanthropy

53. John D. Rockefeller Time Period: 1870s-1910s Major Items:
Founder of the Standard Oil Company

54. J.P. Morgan Time Period: 1870s-1910s Major Items:
American financier and banker
Supplied the US Treasury with gold during the Panic of 1893
Worked to resolve the Panic of 1907

55. Eugene V. Debs Time Period: 1880s-1920s Political Party: Socialist
Major Items:
Organized the Pullman Strike (1894)
Founding member of the Industrial Workers of the World (1905)
Ran for president in 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912, & 1920
Denounced World War I & was convicted under the Espionage Act (1918)

56. Samuel Gompers Time Period: 1880s-1920s Major Items:
Founded the American Federation of Labor (1886)
Supported World War I & attempted to avoid strikes

57. Jacob Riis Time Period: 1880s-1900s Major Items: Muckraker
Photographed the slums of New York City
Published How the Other Half Lives (1888)

58. Ida B. Wells Time Period: 1890s-1900s Major Items: Muckraker
Documented lynching in the United States

59. Upton Sinclair Time Period: 1900s-1920s Major Items: Muckraker
Wrote The Jungle
Exposed the conditions in the U.S. meatpacking industry
Led to the Pure Food & Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act (1906)

60. Jane Addams Time Period: 1880s-1920s Major Items:
Progressive Era reformer
Leader of the Settlement House Movement
Founded Hull House in Chicago (1889)
Provided services such as daycare, education, and healthcare to improve the lives of the urban poor

61. Carrie Chapman Catt Time Period: 1880s-1930s Major Items:
Women’s suffrage leader
Founder of the League of Women Voters

62. Booker T. Washington Time Period: 1880s-1910s Major Items:
Leader in the U.S. African American community
Wrote Up from Slavery
President of the Tuskegee Institute
Supporter of the Atlanta Compromise
Called African Americans to submit to white rule in exchange for the guarantee of education and due process of law

63. W.E.B. DuBois Time Period: 1900s-1960s Major Items:
Leader in the U.S. African American community
Wrote The Souls of Black Folk
Co-founder of the NAACP
Leader of the Niagara Movement
Opposed the Atlanta Compromise
Insisted on full civil rights and increased political participation

64. Marcus Garvey Time Period: 1910s-1930s Major Items:
Leader in the U.S. African American community
Supporter of the Back-to-Africa Movement

65. Theodore Roosevelt Time Period: 1901-1909 Location: New York
Political Parties:
Republican; Progressive (Bull-Moose)
Major Items:
Coal Strike (1902)
Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)
Panama Canal ( ) – Gunboat Diplomacy
Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
Portsmouth Treaty (1905) – Nobel Peace Prize
Pure Food & Drug Act (1906)
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
Hepburn Act (1906)
Gentlemen’s Agreement (1908)

66. William Howard Taft Major Items: Time Period: 1909-1913 Location: Ohio
Political Party:
Republican
Major Items:
Dollar Diplomacy
Anti-Trust Lawsuits
Paine-Aldrich Tariff (1909)
Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy (1910)

67. Woodrow Wilson Time Period: 1913-1921 Location: New Jersey
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
New Freedom – Triple Wall of Privilege
Moral Diplomacy
Underwood Tariff (1913)
Federal Reserve System (1913)
Federal Trade Commission (1914)
Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)
Lusitania (1915)
Fourteen Points (1917)
World War I ( )
Treaty of Versailles – Lodge Reservations
Red Scare ( )
Red Summer (1919)

68. Henry Cabot Lodge Time Period: 1890s-1920s Location: Massachusetts
Political Party:
Republican
Major Items:
U.S. Senator
Supported American Imperialism
Argued for immigration restrictions – 100% Americanism
Opposed the Treaty of Versailles - Lodge Reservations (1919)

69. 1920s Presidents Warren Harding (R) Calvin Coolidge (R)
Teapot Dome Scandal ( )
Calvin Coolidge (R)
National Origins Act (1924)
Dawes Plan (1924)
Scopes Trial (1925)
Sacco & Vanzetti Executions (1927)
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
Herbert Hoover (R)
Stock Market Crash (1929)
Great Depression
Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) Reconstruction Finance Corporation (1932)
Bonus Army (1932)
Stimson Doctrine (1932)

70. Sacco & Vanzetti Time Period: 1920s Major Items:
Italian immigrants and suspected anarchists
Convicted of murdering two men during a 1920 armed robbery
Executed in 1927
Considered by many to be representative of a fear and prejudice of the period

71. Henry Ford Time Period: 1900s-1920s Major Items:
Founder of the Ford Motor Company
Helped to develop the assembly line technique of mass production
Manufactured the first automobile most Americans could afford to buy

72. Franklin D. Roosevelt Time Period: 1933-1945 Location: New York
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
New Deal – Relief, Recovery, Reform
Neutrality Acts
Arsenal of Democracy Speech (1940)
Four Freedoms Speech (1941)
Lend Lease Act (1941)
Atlantic Charter (1941)
World War II ( )
Executive Order 9066 – Japanese Internment (1942)
Tehran Conference (1943)
Yalta Conference (1945)

73. George Marshall Time Period: 1910s-1950s Major Items:
American military leader
Army Chief of Staff and military advisor to Roosevelt during World War II
Namesake of the Marshall Plan to help rebuild Europe after the war

74. Douglas MacArthur Time Period: 1930s-1950s Major Items:
American military leader
Led the Philippines Campaign in World War II ( )
Oversaw the occupation of Japan ( )
Led the UN command in the Korean War until he was removed for his public criticism of Truman’s policies (1951)

75. Harry S. Truman Time Period: 1945-1953 Location: Missouri
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
Atomic Bomb (1945)
Taft-Hartley Act 1947)
Truman Doctrine (1947)
Marshall Plan (1947)
Desegregation of the Armed Forced (1948)
Berlin Crisis ( )
NATO (1949)
Korean War ( )

76. Dwight D. Eisenhower Time Period: 1953-1961 Location: Kansas
Political Party:
Republican
Major Items:
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Federal Highway Act (1955)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
Suez Crisis (1956)
Sputnik (1957)
Little Rock Nine (1957)
Eisenhower Doctrine (1958)
U-2 Incident (1960)
Greensboro Sit-Ins (1960)

77. Joseph McCarthy Time Period: 1940s-1950s Political Party: Major Items:
Republican
Major Items:
Claimed that there were large numbers of Communist & Soviet spies in the U.S. government
Led to the Army-McCarthy Hearings (1954)

78. Earl Warren Time Period: 1950s-1960s Accomplishments:
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Worked to increase the power of the Supreme Court
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Reynolds v. Sims (1964)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

79. John F. Kennedy Time Period: 1961-1963 Location: Massachusetts
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
New Frontier
Alliance for Progress (1961)
Peace Corps (1961)
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)
Berlin Wall (1961)
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
Assassination (1963)

80. Martin Luther King, Jr. Time Period: 1950s-1960s Major Items:
Leader of the Civil Rights Movement
Helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Key figure in the following:
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
March on Washington (1963)
Selma to Montgomery March (1965)

81. Malcolm X Time Period: 1950s-1960s Major Items:
Leader in the U.S. African American community
Leader of the Nation of Islam
Advocated for complete separation of African Americans from whites by any means necessary
Softened his views after splitting from the group and traveling to Mecca

82. Lyndon B. Johnson Time Period: 1963-1969 Location: Texas
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
Great Society – War on Poverty, Medicare, Medicaid
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Long Hot Summer (1967)
Tet Offensive (1968)

83. Richard M. Nixon Time Period: 1969-1974 Location: California
Political Party:
Republican
Major Items:
Imperial Presidency
Nixon Doctrine – Vietnamization ( )
Moon Landing (1969)
Environmental Protection Agency (1970)
Visit to China (1972)
Visit to Russia (1972)
SALT I (1972)
Wounded Knee (1973)
Watergate Scandal ( )

84. Henry Kissinger Time Period: 1960s-present Major Items:
National Security Advisor and Secretary of State in the Nixon and Ford administrations
Pioneered the policy of détente with the USSR
Orchestrated the opening of relations with China
Negotiated the Paris Peace Accords

85. Gerald Ford Time Period: 1974-1977 Location: Michigan Political Party:
Republican
Major Items:
Stagflation
Nixon Pardon (1974)
Mayaguez Incident (1975)
Helsinki Conference (1975)

86. Jimmy Carter Time Period: 1977-1981 Location: Georgia Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
Stagflation
Camp David Accords (1978)
Iran Hostage Crisis ( )

87. Rachel Carson Time Period: 1960s-1970s Major Items:
Leader of the U.S. environmental movement
Author of Silent Spring (1962)
Led to a nationwide ban on DDT and other pesticides

88. Betty Friedan Time Period: 1960s-1970s Major Items:
Leader in the American women’s movement
Author of The Feminine Mystique (1963)
President of the National Organization for Women (NOW)

89. Gloria Steinem Time Period: 1960s-present Major Items:
Leader in the American women’s movement
Co-founder of Ms. magazine

90. Ronald Reagan Time Period: 1981-1989 Location: California
Political Party:
Republican
Major Items:
Reaganomics – Supply-Side Economics
Assassination Attempt (1981)
Invasions of Beirut & Grenada (1983), Nicaragua (1984)
Reagan Doctrine
Strategic Defense Initiative – Star Wars (1984)
War on Drugs (1986)
Libya Bombing (1986)
Iran-Contra Affair ( )
INF Treaty (1987)

91. George H.W. Bush Time Period: 1989-1993 Location: Texas
Political Party:
Republican
Major Items:
Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)
Revolutions in Europe (1989)
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
Savings and Loan Scandal (1990)
Invasion of Panama (1990)
Gulf War (1991)
Fall of the Soviet Union (1991)

92. Bill Clinton Time Period: 1993-2001 Location: Arkansas
Political Party:
Democrat
Major Items:
Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)
Brady Bill (1993)
Oslo Accords (1993)
Battle of Mogadishu – Black Hawk Down (1993)
“Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (1993)
North America Free Trade Agreement - NAFTA (1994)
General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade – GATT (1994)
Dayton Accords (1995)
Welfare Reform (1996)
Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
Balanced Budget Agreement (1997)
Impeachment Trial (1998)`