1. Contributions of the Islamic Empire

2. Architecture  The most important contribution is the mosque  Mosques are the center of the worship  Many were converted Christian churches

3. Calligraphy  Greek for “beautiful writing”  Considered the highest form of Art  Believed that Allah used the Arabic language to recite the Qur’an to Muhammad  Calligraphy adorned architecture, art, coins, jewelry, textiles, weapons, tools, paintings, and manuscrips

4. Painting  Discouraged use of pictorial images  Opted for calligraphy and geometric shapes  If used pictures they were secular (non- religious)  Example- human body in a medical book

5. Carpet  Carpet weaving was unique and artistic  Highly valued in the West  Introduced by Italian merchants

6. Medicine  Pioneered practice of diagnosis, cure, and future prevention  First hospital in Islamic world was in Damascus in 707  Hygiene was emphasized  Open 24 hours a day  Al Razi diagnosed chickenpox

7. Strides in Medicine  Treatments for smallpox and measles  Observations made in hay fever, kidney stones, and scabies  First to use opium as an anesthetic  Discovered tuberculosis

8. Astronomy  Muslim calendar was based on lunar calendar  Wanted to predict the arrival of the new moon to mark a month  Map the coordinates of the stars  Estimated the Earth’s atmosphere within 2 km  Astrolabe invented which was used until telescope

9. Mathematics  Introduced algebra  Arabic numerals were introduced to Eurpe  Algorithms  Developed trigonometry  First to use concept of sines and cotangents  Developed early form of calculus

10. Philosophy  Argument over philosophy and theology  Arguments over faith versus reason

11. Sources of Images used  Architecture  http://www.fotocom munity.com/pc/pc/ display/19156061 http://www.fotocom munity.com/pc/pc/ display/19156061  Calligraphy  http://www.fotopedi a.com/items/flickr- 3296333267 http://www.fotopedi a.com/items/flickr- 3296333267  Atrolabe  www.muslimmuseum.org  Art  http://www.fotopedi a.com/items/flickr- 3802478172 http://www.fotopedi a.com/items/flickr- 3802478172  Carpet  http://www.nga.gov /exhibitions/2004/art exchange/artexcha nge_ss.htm http://www.nga.gov /exhibitions/2004/art exchange/artexcha nge_ss.htm  Medicine  Med.wayne.edu