1. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan1 1.Objectives 1)To help the students get a diachronic overview of British history from 1066 to 1500. 2) To enable the students to discover the causes of the social changes of England and how its governmental systems operated. An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

2. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 2 An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4) 2. Questions for discussion In which century was British feudal system completely established? Who established it? Have you ever heard of Magna Carta? What is it? How is it related to the establishment of the English Parliament? Who is Joan of Arc? What event in English history does she remind us of? How do you interpret the two terms: 1. Black Death ？ 2. Wars of the Roses ？

3. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan3 Feudal system (the hierarchical order of its power) King (William 1066-1087) Owned all the land personally Gave his barons large estates Barons (tenants-in-chief) Promised military service to the king. Gave a proportion of the land produce to the King Parceled out the land to the lesser nobles Knights & Freemen Provided goods and services for the barons Villeins (unfree peasants) An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

4. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan4 Feature of the feudal system: All landowners took the oath of allegiance for the land they held both to their immediate lord and to the king. Succession 2 nd son, William Rufus (1087-1100) 3 rd son, Henry I (1100-35) Henry’s grandson and Stephen co-ruled (1153-54) (Henry I’s daughter, Matilda, was involved in the wars against her cousin, King Stephen. After a civil war, Stephen got control of the Crown but was forced to accept Matilda’s son, Henry, as joint ruler. Stephen died the following year. ) Henry II (1154-89) An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

5. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan5 An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4) Henry II (1154-89) Founder of the Angevin dynasty - the Plantagenet dynasty

6. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan6 An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4) Henry II (1154-89) Legal reform --strengthened his Court and Extended its judicial work. ★ Established a common law — unwritten & case-based. ★ Introduced a 12-men jury system --- replacing the old English ordeals. （ its function???)

7. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan7 An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4) Henry II (1154-89) Church reform. --Reformed abuses in Church government (resulted in his clash with Thomas Becket) Canterbury Tales — Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) Murder in the Cathedral — T.S. Eliot (1888-1965)

8. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan8 Tomas Becket --Archbishop of Canterbury --Chancellor of England --the King’s chief secretary *Becket’s tomb — a place of pilgrimage *Henry’s penance *Becket’s canonization, 1173. An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

9. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan9 Magna Carta and the Parliament Origin of Magna Carta *Wars between England and France for territories ； *Three great crusades against the Islamic Empire of the Turks for the possession of the Christian holy city of Jerusalem. Results *Enormous drain upon financial resources *Confrontation between King John and his barons Follow-up actions taken by the barons *Presentation of grievances to King John Magna Carta (1215) Significance (see overleaf) An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

10. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan10 Significance 1. Foundation of English liberties 2. Statement of the feudal and legal relationship --- Crown and the barons 3. Freedom of the Church and Limitation Founding of Parliament (1265) King John Simon de Montfort Henry III Westminster Function (to p13) An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

11. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 11 Cause Defy of Magna Carta by King John Effect Retaliation of the barons (help from Louis of France ) Cause Three things done by Henry III (John's son): 1.Filling the most important offices in Church and state with foreign favourites. 2.Undertaking an expensive war with France in 1242, and lost of the whole 3.Demanding for money in 1258 to enable his son to be crowned King of Sicily Effect 1. Rebellion of the barons (led by Simon de Montfort, Henry III's brother-in-law) 2. Henry and his son’s acceptance of the Provisions of Oxford. An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

12. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 12 Cause Henry’s objection to the Provisions of Oxford. Effect * Civil War (ended in victory with the king taken as a prisoner) * Establishment of the early Parliament (1265, Simon de Montfort, Westminster (meeting place of the Great council---the Lords and the Commons. Features and role of the Parliament No elections, no parties. House of Lords —the most important part of Parliament. Limitation of the king’s power (only to offer advice, not to make decisions). An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

13. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 13 The Hundred Year‘s War with France (1337-1453: Edward III ， 1327-77—Richard II, 77-99, Henry VI) (intermittent) Causes Territorial The English kings possessed the large duchy of Aquitaine. The French kings wanted this piece of land Economic The Flemish cloth manufacturing towns were the importers of English wool but they owed political allegiance to the French king. Political * England wanted to stop France from giving aid to the Scots & a sense of national consciousness grew in the English. * The French refused to let Edward III claim the French Crown An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

14. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 14 The Hundred Year‘s War with France (1337-1453: Edward III ， 1327-77—Richard II, 77-99, Henry VI) (intermittent) Main events of the war England won a great naval victory England occupied Calais. England won victory over the French king, took the king as prisoner & gained more French territory Edward III died & lost French territory Henry V renewed the war & won, was recognized to the French throne in 1420 Withdraw of the English (1453) & significance 1422, Joan of Arc Calais An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

15. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 15 An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4) The Hundred Year‘s War with France (1337-1453: Edward III ， 1327-77—Richard II, 77-99, Henry VI) (intermittent) Significance of the withdrawal “… had they (the English) remained, the superior size and wealth of France would certainly have hindered the development of a separate English national identity, while French national identity was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory.” (Yu Zhiyuan(ed.). English-Speaking Countries: A Survey [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1996:39)

16. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 16 The Black Death (1348-49) (Edward III) Definition an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas Time 14th century Impact & Consequence Huge reduction of the population Peasant Uprising （ 1381 ） —Richard II (see overleaf) An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

17. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan 17 Plantagenet （ Angevin ） 1154—1399 金雀花王朝（安茹王朝） Henry II （ 1133-1189 ） King of England （ 1154-1189 ） Edward I （ 1239- 1307 ） King of England （ 1272-1307 ） Richard I （ 1157-1199 ） King of England （ 1189-1199 ） Edward II （ 1284-1329 ） King of England （ 1307-1327 ） John （ 1167-1216 ） King of England （ 1199-1216 ） Edward III （ 1312-1377 ） King of England （ 1327-1377 ） Henry III （ 1207-1272 ） King of England （ 1216-1272 ） Richard II （ 1367-1400 ） King of England （ 1377-1399 ） An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

18. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan18 Causes Period People involved Result Impact Ambition of the nobles Henry VI’s loss of reason 1455-1485 1455-1485 Two noble families The House of Lancaster The House of York Death of Richard III Union of the two houses through marriage （ Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York ）  Death blow on Feudalism  Great loss of the lives of the nobles  Increase of the king’s power Wars of the Roses An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4)

19. Survey of Britian by Zhang Haiyan19 An outline of British history (1066-1500) (Session 4) Assignment Watch Henry VIII and write a review in your learning log. Comment on the role of Jane Seymour.