1. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 3 The U.S. Constitution Section 1:Ideals of the Constitution Ideals of the ConstitutionIdeals of the Constitution Section 2:The Three Branches of Government The Three Branches of GovernmentThe Three Branches of Government Section 3:An Enduring Document An Enduring DocumentAn Enduring Document

2. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Section 1:Ideals of the Constitution The Main Idea The Constitution is an agreement between the citizens of the Untied States and the government that the people will grant powers to the government. In return, the government is to carry out the goals of the Constitution. Reading Focus   How did the Pilgrims influence the framers of the Constitution?   What are the goals of the U.S. government as outlined in the Constitution?   What are the powers the Constitution gives to the federal and state governments?

3. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 A. Pilgrims influenced the Framers 1. Mayflower 2. Mayflower Compact a. Individual rights b. Consent Section 1:Ideals of the Constitution

4. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 B. Government of the People 1. “We the People” (Preamble) 2. Popular sovereignty Section 1:Ideals of the Constitution

5. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 C. Goals of the U.S. Constitution 1. Limited Government 2. Majority rule / minority rights Section 1:Ideals of the Constitution

6. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 C. Goals of the U.S. Constitution 3. Six goals of the constitution a. Form a more perfect union b. Establish justice c. Insure domestic tranquility d. Provide for the common defense e. Promote the general welfare f. Secure the blessings of liberty Section 1:Ideals of the Constitution

7. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 D. Powers of Federal and State Governments 1. Framers past experiences 2. Federalist system a. Federal government b. State governments c. Strong points Section 1:Ideals of the Constitution

8. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 E. Federal Government Powers 1. Delegated 2. Powers given to the Federal government a. Regulate tradef. Govern territory b. Coin moneyg. Foreign relations c. Declare warh. Raise/support army d. Admit new states e. Establish post offices

9. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 F. State Government Powers 1. Reserved 2. Powers a. Regulate trade within state b. Hold elections c. Incorporate businesses d. Issue licenses e. Establish local governments f. Provide for: public safety, health, welfare

10. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 G. Shared Powers 1. Concurrent a. Make and collect taxes b. Borrow money c. Make and enforce laws d. Establish courts e. Provide for the general welfare

11. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Question: Why did the Constitution establish separate powers for the state and federal governments? to keep each from getting too strong state government federal government SECTION 1

12. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 The Main Idea The Constitution prevents any person, or any part of the government, from taking too much power. It does this by creating three separate branches of the federal government and distributing power among them. Reading Focus   Why does the Constitution provide for the separation of powers?   What are the main responsibilities of each of the three branches of government?   How does the system of checks and balances work? Section 2:The Three Branches of Government

13. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 A. Separation of Powers 1. Shield against tyranny Section 2:The Three Branches of Government

14. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 B. Legislative Branch—US Congress 1. Comprised of : a. Senate b. House of Representatives 2. Lawmaking arm of government 3. Controls flow of money Section 2:The Three Branches of Government

15. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 C. Executive Branch 1. President is head of executive branch 2. Executes / carries out laws 3. Includes: a. 15 executive departments b. State and Treasury c. Homeland Security in 2002 Section 2:The Three Branches of Government

16. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 D. Judicial Branch 1. Interprets laws passed by Congress 2. Sets punishment 3. Supreme Court head of Judicial Section 2:The Three Branches of Government

17. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 E. Checks and Balances: 1. Framers influenced by Montesquieu 2. Each branch can limit / check other branches so no one branch is too powerful Section 2:The Three Branches of Government

18. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 E. Checks and Balances: 3. Executive Checks a. Veto 4. Legislative Checks 5. Judicial Checks (originally not determined) a. Judicial review i. Marbury v. Madison Section 2:The Three Branches of Government

19. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 Question: Why does the Constitution provide for the separation of powers? SECTION 2 to ensure that no one branch of the U.S. government becomes too powerful Executive Legislative Judicial

20. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20 The Main Idea The Constitution is an enduring document that has met the needs of a changing country for more than 200 years. Reading Focus   How did the framers envision change when writing the Constitution?   What are two ways in which the Constitution may be changed? Section 3:An Enduring Document

21. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21 A. Changing the Constitution 1. Difficult process—meant to survive politics and temporary changes in public opinion 2. “Living” document 3. Can be changed formally and informally Section 3:An Enduring Document

22. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22 B. Amendment Process 1. Amendment is a formal change 2. Approved by ¾ of the states 3. Only successful 27 times in 225+ years Section 3:An Enduring Document

23. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23 B. Amendment Process 4. Amendment proposed in two ways a. 2/3 vote in both houses of Congress b. 2/3 of state legislatures ask Congress for a national convention (34) a national convention (34) Section 3:An Enduring Document

24. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24 B. Amendment Process 5. Ratification process in two ways a. Proposed amendment sent to state legislatures legislatures b. Proposed amendment sent to state convention convention c. Amendment ratified by ¾ of states (38) Section 3:An Enduring Document

25. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON25 C. Interpretation of the Constitution 1. Changes can be made by custom and tradition a. Cabinet 2. Congress can interpret Constitution to decide social issues social issues 3. Supreme Court interpretation of Congressional action Congressional action Section 3:An Enduring Document

26. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON26 What are the six goals of government as stated in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution? What are the three branches of the federal government, and what are their primary responsibilities? How does the system of checks and balances in the federal government work? What makes the Constitution of the United States a living document? How can the Constitution be amended? Chapter 3 Wrap-Up