1. 1 2.1 TRANSCULTURAL COMMUNICATION pg 185 2.1 TRANSCULTURAL COMMUNICATION pg 185 CULTURE Culture is the sum total of the ways of life of all individuals belonging to a particular group. CULTURE CAN CHANGE. Transcultural means across cultures.

2. 2 CULTURAL NORMS Cultural norms are behavioural standards consisting of : MORAL CODES BELIEFSVALUESATTITUDESSYMBOLS RULES AND LAWS SANCTIONS

3. 3 2.2 Cultural norms 1. MORAL CODES-what is right or wrong. 2. BELIEFS- believe in GOD and other convictions e.g. hard work pays. 3. VALUES-not easily changed. I value my religion and culture.

4. 4 CULTURAL NORMS 4. ATTITUDES-are dispositions or view points- could be positive, negative or neutral. 5. SYMBOLS-these are tangible objects e.g. national flag or dance.

5. 5 CULTURAL NORMS 6. RULES AND LAW-these are formal customs e.g exam rules, road rules. 7. SANCTIONS are rewards( certificates or medals) or punishments( banishments).

6. 6 2.3.1 RIGHTS 1. Right to freedom 2. Right to work. 3. Right to freedom of speech. 4. Right to freedom of association. 5. Right to freedom of movement. 6. Right to religious and cultural traditions. 7. Right to privacy 8. Right to equality before the courts. 9. Right to education up to a certain level. 10. Right to information.

7. 7 2.3.2 VALUES 1. desire to achieve success. 2. desire for individuality. 3. desire to be part of the community. 4. desire to communicate in ones own language. 5. respect and human dignity.

8. 8 2.4 TRANSCULTURAL COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS 1. ETHNIC CENTRALIZATION- one culture judges another exclusively [completely] by ones own culture. 2. CULTURAL RELATIVITY-one culture judges another culture good or bad against their own. 3. DOMINANCE- one culture is forced on another culture.

9. 9 2.5 CORPORATE CULTURE Corprate culture is the new business culture that comes out of the melting pot of all the different cultures. This is known as acculturation.

10. 10 2.5 FIVE BASIC VALUES OF SUCCESSFUL ENTERPRISES 1. Profit is the driving force. 2. Co-workers must be respected. 3. Quality and first rate service are prerequisites for success. 4. Effective communication and voluntary co-operation have a positive effect. 5. Our enterprise is the best in the country, if not in the world.

11. 11 4 FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE CULTURE 4 FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE CULTURE 1. MOTIVATION 2. EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY. 3. CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 4. INTERNAL COMMUNICATION

12. 12 2.5.1 MOTIVATION 1. Includes everything a manager does to persuade workers to give of their best. 2.Workers must selected on ability and expertise. 3.There must be fair remuneration. 4. Recognition. 5.Thorough training.

13. 13 EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY 1. Managers occupy positions of authority and therefore give instructions. 2. People may be punished for not following instructions. 3. There should be a good balance between autocratic and democratic leadership styles.

14. 14 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1. Resolve conflicts through negotiation and compromise. 2. Train staff to be adaptable. 3. FUNCTIONAL CONFLICT gives rise to new methods and ideas and stimulate interest. 4.DYSFUNCTIONAL CONFLICT-is plain fighting[ not physical] and disrupts work.

15. 15 INTERNAL COMMUNICATION Through training and creation of corporate culture, common symbols and codes so that communicators and recipients speak the same language. e.g. Toyota:- e.g. Toyota:- “goshi” get it right first time Saamstaan- we work together Siyacabanga- we think Quality circles- problem solving in groups.

16. 16 INTERNAL COMMUNICATION Provide and disseminate [spread] information. e.g. Internal marketing. e.g. Internal marketing. Training to inform. Training to inform. Get feedback. Get feedback. FORMAL COMMUNICATION- manager communicating formally- top to down. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION- Takes place between manager and manager and worker and worker or worker and manager.

17. 17 COMMUNICATION METHODS 1. Listening/speaking. 2.Reading/writing 3.Non verbal communication. IMPROVE YOURSELF BY: Listen carefully Listen carefully Practise clear speaking. Practise clear speaking. Read aloud. Read aloud. Listen to the radio Listen to the radio Pronounce difficult words. Pronounce difficult words. Consult books Consult books Use audio and video tapes Use audio and video tapes

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