1. inVentures Technologies Overview of Site Remediation Technologies Gas inFusion Systems for Groundwater Remediation Jim Begley inVentures Technologies Inc. (iTi) “Offering you the finest environmental contracting services, products & remedial technologies available” Contact: Craig Marlow 8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland, Ohio 43528 Phone 419.867.8966 Fax 419.867.8976Cell 419.349.7970 Email cemarlow@att.net cemarlow@att.net Represented By:

2. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Presentation Introduction to Gas inFusion technology Bioremediation Alternatives iSOC system design gPRO Systems for active gas infusion and enhanced NAPL recovery

3. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures iTi Gas inFusion™ Technology Mass-transfer of gasses to groundwater w/out sparging Microporous Hollow Fiber

4. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Mass Transfer- Gas to Liquid Solubility –Driving force unique to each gas Interfacial Surface –Pathway for gas molecules to contact liquid Gas inFusion Technology Provides Large Interfacial Surface

5. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Dissolved Gas Conditions Saturation –The condition of a liquid with the maximum possible stable quantity of a solute at a specific temperature and pressure Supersaturation –An unstable condition of a solution with a solute at a concentration exceeding saturation Gas inFusion Technology can achieve saturated and supersaturated conditions

6. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures iSOC ® Technology iSOC ® – in situ Submerged Oxygen Curtain—innovative gas delivery technology Microporous Hollow Fiber iSOC provides large interfacial surface area as a pathway for gas molecules to contact and dissolve in groundwater

7. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures iSOC Unit Gas inFusion Well Typical iSOC Well Schematic Contaminated Groundwater Treatment Zone Groundwater Flow Gas Supply Regulator and Manifold inFusion Well Screen (High Flow Screen) typically 0.010 to 0.030 slot width Water Table Well Sump (~ 1 ft below iSOC) Filter Valve Box Tubing Lifting Line Grout Seal Sand/Gravel Pack

8. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures iSOC System

9. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures HiSOC ® Hydrogen Gas Hose Connection

10. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures gPRO HP Active Dissolved Gas Substrate Delivery

11. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures gPRO HP w/ Oxygen Generator

12. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Mobile gPRO HP Setup

13. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures gPRO Gas inFusion System Water Supply Gas Supply gPRO HP Modules (multiple modules in series and parallel) Injection Pump Injection Wells

14. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Remedial Applications Passive and Active in situ bioremediation –Oxygen for aerobic treatment –Oxygen and cometabolic substrates (alkane and alkene gases) for lower chlorinated compounds, 1,4-dioxane, NDMA –Hydrogen for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated solvents, denitrification and perchlorate reduction Abiotic Geochemical Fixation of metals (H 2 and O 2 ) pH adjustment with CO 2 NAPL recovery enhancement with CO 2 Saturated Water Injection (SWI)

15. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Bioremediation –Microbes at Work ConceptualThe Real Thing

16. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Direct Aerobic Groundwater Bioremediation Soil microorganisms are stimulated to degrade contaminants of concern Oxygen is the preferred electron acceptor Contaminant is the food Products are biomass, carbon dioxide and water

17. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures CO 2 and energy O2O2 H2OH2O Direct Aerobic Treatment Breathing Eating Hydrocarbons solvents e.g. VC Gas

18. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Aerobic Treatment of Petroleum in Groundwater Process requires a balanced source of macronutrients carbon:nitrogen:phosphate (C100:N10:P2) Hydrocarbon is the carbon source for energy and growth of biomass Every gram of BTEX requires 3.14 grams oxygen for complete degradation

19. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Anaerobic dehalorespiring bacteria (Dehalococcoides ethenogenes) use H 2 as electraon donor (food) and chlorinated solvents (e.g. PCE) as an electron acceptor (breathing PCE) 20 grams of PCE can be degraded with 1 gram of H 2 Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination

20. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Most Oxidized Most Reduced C=C HH CL C=C HCL HH C=C CL C=C HH HH CL H

21. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures EnergyElectron donor (H 2 ) Ethene Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination Eating Breathing PCE, TCE

22. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Aerobic Cometabolic Oxidation of Lower Chlorinated Solvents (TCE, DCE, VC) Bacteria use a continuous supply of oxygen as the electron acceptor A cometabolic substrate (e.g. alkane gas) is supplied as a growth substrate (electron donor)

23. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Aerobic Cometabolic Oxidation Cometabolic substrate induces the production of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of TCE, DCE and VC (lower CAHs) Bacteria gain energy from the cometabolic substrate, not from the chlorinated solvent

24. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures From EPA July 2000 Aerobic Cometabolic Treatment Eating Breathing CO 2 and energyCometabolic substrate (Alkane gas) O2O2 H2OH2O Alcohols and organic acids

25. inVentures Technologies Example Design iSOC Plume Biobarrier System

26. ` Concentration Distance MW-X MW-Y iSOC Treatment Zone GW-Flow

27. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures iSOC Area of Influence and Treatment Zone

28. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Key Design Information Site hydrogeologic data Contaminant concentration and distribution Groundwater geochemistry and nutrients Biological parameters Remedial objectives Access limitations

29. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Site Groundwater Flow

30. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Extent of Groundwater Contamination Source Area Receptor Stream

31. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Problem Statement Wells containing dissolved petroleum constituents exceeding their respective RBSLs (MW-1, MW-4, MW-8, MW-11, MW-15, MW-17, and MW-19) Surface water samples from Salt Creek downgradient indicated the presence of MTBE (main concern)

32. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Evaluation of Oxygen Demand Area and Hydrogeology

33. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Evaluation of Oxygen Demand Aqueous and Sorbed CoCs

34. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Evaluation of Oxygen Demand Aqueous and Sorbed CoCs

35. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Gas Supply and Delivery Rate

36. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Treatment Layout Orientation and spacing based on groundwater flow and oxygen demand 15 to 20 ft crossgradient spacing in two fences –4 treatment well line downgradient to protect receptor stream –5 treatment wells to address oxygen demand in the target area –Anticipated period of operation to address oxygen demand (3 years) Longer term operation required to maintain cut off without source remediation

37. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures iSOC Well Layout Proposed iSOC Treatment Wells Treatment Shed 70 feet

38. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures What about the source area? High hydrocarbon concentrations indicated the presence of possible residual hydrocarbon saturation or trapped LNAPL Alternative technologies were more appropriate for the source area in the given time frame for remediation

39. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Example Case Study : gPRO HP Oxygen Gas inFusion and Subsurface Delivery

40. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Field Trial Plan Field trials were designed to evaluate: Feasibility of high concentration oxygenated water injection Oxygen distribution in the subsurface (reported here) and Affects of oxygen delivery on contaminants of concern

41. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures gPRO Oxygen System inVentures Technologies gPRO HP system with oxygen generator System Constructed by Cornelsen Limited

42. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Injection Trial System gPRO 4-module system oxygenating municipal water supply 3 injection wells in a cluster Injection depth approx 3.5 meters below land surface Sheet pile isolation of test lane Groundwater flow parallel to lane

43. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Field Trial Test Lane Injection WellsMonitoring Wells Lane C Groundwater Flow

44. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures gPRO Operation and Monitoring Data

45. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Initial Oxygen Distribution 2/08 >2 mg/L

46. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Peak Oxygen Distribution 4/14/08 >6 mg/L >12 mg/L >18 mg/L

47. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures NAPL Source Zone Remediation utilizing Supersaturated Water Injection (SWI) Gas inFusion™ Technology

48. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Enhancement of NAPL Recovery With SWI Water is supersaturated with CO 2 in the gPRO HP System Supersaturated (carbonated) water is injected into the aquifer in and below the NAPL zone CO 2 bubbles nucleate in the aquifer Hydrocarbons volatilize into CO 2

49. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Enhancement of NAPL Recovery NAPL coats the gas bubble and is mobilized up for non-aqueous phase extraction Trapped NAPL ganglia are displaced by CO 2 and mobilized for non-aqueous phase extraction Groundwater, NAPL and soil vapor are removed through dual phase extraction wells

50. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Mechanisms Technology : Mechanisms Spontaneous spreading of NAPL over water in the presence of gas and the subsequent transfer of volatile NAPL constituents into the growing gas bubbles

51. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Upward mobilization of NAPL contacted by gas phase carbon dioxide Mechanisms Technology : Mechanisms

52. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Proof of concept in the lab: In situ gas saturation development and rate of gas evolution Water outlet and level control V g1 V g2 V g3 VwVw Bubble flow meter Injection Supersaturated water, C Saturated porous medium Production

53. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures 60 min54 min52 min41 min36 min33 min31 min28 min26 min24 min21 min17 min12 min9 min6 min4 min1 min10 sec 0 min Gas evolution during SWI: Experiment

54. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures In situ gas evolution in the presence of impermeable barriers SWI

55. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Recovery of residual hexane by SWI Volatile NAPL is removed by gas evolution

56. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures 7 Saturated Zone Unsaturated Zone gPRO HP SWI well Multiphase extraction well Field Application Contaminated Zone/Trapped NAPL Induced Flow

57. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures Design Considerations for Selection of iSOC and gPRO Systems iSOC for enhanced natural attenuation and passive plume cut off biobarriers –Lower substrate mass requirements –Broad range of geologic conditions gPRO systems for active high mass substrate delivery –High substrate demand or NAPL recovery –Geologic conditions suitable for extraction and reinjection –Enhance ETR systems and targeted source area/hot spot treatment

58. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures www.isocinfo.com www.gPROinfo.com Questions? Jim Begley inVentures/MT Environmental Restoration jbegley@cape.com

59. www.gproinfo.com www.isocinfo.com Technologies inVentures “Offering you the finest environmental contracting services, products & remedial technologies available” Craig Marlow 8248 Hidden Forest Drive, Holland, Ohio 43528 Phone 419.867.8966 Fax 419.867.8976 Cell 419.349.7970 Email cemarlow@att.net cemarlow@att.net Contact: