2. BRAZIL THE GIANT OF SOUTH AMERICA

5. A. TWO MAJOR TYPES OF LANDFORMS 1. Plains: a. 10-30 miles deep along the Atlantic coast b. Amazon River basin 2. Plateau: a. Brazilian Highlands 3. Escarpment: a. Steep cliff between two different levels of land

6. B. Northeast region 1. Colonized by the Portuguese in 1500 a. Built large sugarcane plantations along the coast b. Brought more than 3,000,000 African slaves to work the land c. This African culture is still a major influence on the region

7. C. SERTAO (ser TY oh) 1. Interior plains region 2. Wet/Dry climate 3. Some droughts last a year or more 4. Many people of this region are poor 5. Malnutrition causes a low life expectancy of only 49 years

8. D. SOUTHEAST REGION 1. Only 11% of Brazil’s land 2. Over 40% of Brazil’s population 3. Subtropical climate and fertile soil 4. Cash crops: a. Cotton b. Sugar cane c. Rice d. Cacao

9. COFFEE 5. Biggest and most important crop a. Coffee b. Called, “The world’s coffee-pot” c. Grows ¼ of the world’s coffee

10. E. THE CITIES 1. Rio de Janeiro: a. Former capital of Brazil b. Known for vacations, beaches and Carnival: c. Carnival: Takes place during the four days preceding lent. d. Lent: Roman-Catholic religious practice of fasting and penitence before Easter

12. F. FAVELAS 1. Drawn to the excitement and potential opportunities JOBS 2. Millions of uneducated people from the countryside end up in the cities 3. They usually find low-paying jobs, and end up building a shack in a favela 4. Favela: a. SLUM b. Usually on a hillside or in a swamp c. Wood plank walls and tin roof

14. G. BRAZILIAN HIGHLANDS 1. Plateau region in the southeastern heartland 2. Location of the “New” capital city a. Brasilia

15. H. AMAZON RIVER BASIN 1. Largest region of Brazil 2. Least explored 3. Almost 80” of rainfall per year 4. Constant temperature of about 80 o 5. Home to thousands of species of plants and animals

17. I. AMAZON INDIANS 1. When the Portuguese arrived, the population of Indians was estimated in the millions 2. Today’s estimates place the number at about 200,000 3. Many died due to diseases brought by the Portuguese

18. J. QUEST FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH 1. Brazil is a country of extremes a. Very rich in natural resources b. Huge number of very poor people c. Many families cannot afford to feed and clothe their children d. Thousands of children live by themselves on the street begging or working for coins just to buy food.

19. K. POLICIES FOR GROWTH 1. Boost the industrial base 2. Constructed steel mills and oil-refineries 3. Build huge hydroelectric dams (using the escarpment) 4. Tremendous growth of industry brought millions of people into the cities looking for a job/better life

20. K. POLICIES FOR GROWTH 5. Road building projects a. 3,000 miles across jungle 6. Government gave away thousands of plots of land in the Amazon Basin for: a. Farmingb. Mining 7. Developing the Interior 8. Brasilia: a. Planned city, 600 miles from the coast b. 1990 population, 2 million

22. L. DEVELOPMENT SUCCESSES 1. More than 1 million people have moved into the Amazon 2. Manufacturing now accounts for 1/3 of GNP 3. One of the world’s leading industrial economies 4. Development of GASAHOL a. Mix of gasoline and ethanol b. Ethanol is produced from sugar cane c. In 2006, Brazil became Oil Independent (They do not buy oil from other countries)

23. M. NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT 1. Poverty has increased as people rushed into the cities 2. People came to the Amazon to farm 3. Found that the soil isn’t very fertile 4. Many people have abandoned their farms 5. The soil was left to wash away

24. N. BRAZIL’S FUTURE 1. Has a great climate 2. Millions of acres of very fertile soil 3. Brazil has the potential to become a world-power 4. Tourism is a booming business a. Ecotourism: Tourists visit the jungle without destroying it

27. A.T.G.T. 1. First name 2. Last Name 3. Class period 4. Hold it up to show me (by row)

28. Reach For A Star Production John P. Luke www.mrluke.net