1. Germanic Kingdoms Unite
Ch. 13: MIDDLE AGES –
Section 1:
Germanic Kingdoms Unite
under Charlemagne
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Loessin’s World History Room Tutorials: T-F 8:20-8:50
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Identify effects of the Germanic invasions on the western Roman Empire.
Explain Germanic ideas about government and describe the first Frankish king.
Show how Christianity spread among Germanic peoples.
Summarize events leading to the rise of the Frankish kingdom.
Describe the rise and fall of Charlemagne’s empire.
AGENDA: Please Begin your Warm-up Immediately !
WARM-UP – Read Textbook p Interact with History:
“Peasant’s Life”
INTRODUCTION to new Unit and assignments
DISCUSSION of Section 1, Text p / packet p. 1
DAILY QUIZ
NEXT ASSIGNMENT:
Read Chapter 13, Section 2-3 and complete p. 3-4 in packet

2. According to your homework reading, Which of the Germanic tribes would settle in Gaul and be the first to convert to Christianity?

3. Medium aevum -- Medieval or The Middle Ages
The CLASSICAL Period ends with the fall of the Roman Empire in the West!
476 A.D. - Roman empire in Western Europe collapses.
Roman emperor Romulus Augustulus surrenders to the German general Odovacar.
         
The MEDIEVAL Period in Western European history now begins!
Medium aevum -- Medieval or The Middle Ages
The period from 500 – 1500 A.D. in Europe is known as
the Middle Ages or Medieval period.

4. List the Effects found on p. 317
CH 13 Section 1, “Invasions Trigger Changes in Europe” Textbook p. 317
List the Effects found on p. 317
STUDY for Short Essay !
Effects of Germanic Invasions on Western Europe
Disruption of Trade – businesses failed, money worthless, no available goods.
Cities abandoned – no government officials or security; frightened people fled.
Population shifts – move to rural areas to grow food / become self-sufficient.
Decline of Learning – few are literate and classical Greek knowledge fades.
Loss of Common language – different dialects and Romance languages develop

5. Read, “The Concept of Government Changes” p. 318
CH 13 Section 1, “Germanic Kingdoms Unite” Textbook p. 318; Packet p. 1
Read, “The Concept of Government Changes” p. 318
Loyalty to government and written laws that once unified Roman society
now disappeared.
Family ties and personal loyalties, rather than citizenship in a State,
now bound Germanic peoples together in small communities.
The Germanic stress on personal ties to local leaders made it impossible for one single ruler to establish orderly government for large territories.
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6. Turning Point in History
CH 13 Section 1, “Germanic Kingdoms Unite” Textbook p. 318
Recognizing a
Turning Point in History
In the old Roman province of Gaul,
a Germanic people
called the Franks
took power.
The leader of the Franks, Clovis would convert to Christianity –
creating the first alliance
between one of the
Germanic peoples
and the Christian Pope in Rome.
Franks
TEXTBOOK, p. 318:
Read about the
conversion of
Clothilde,
Clovis’ wife,
and finally
the baptism of
Clovis and
3,000 of his
Frankish
warriors.
Meantime king Clovis met with Alaric, king of the Goths, in the plain of Vouillé at the tenth milestone from Poitiers, and while the one army was for fighting at a distance the other tried to come to close combat. And when the Goths had fled as was their custom, king Clovis won the victory by God's aid. He had to help him the son of Sigibert the lame, named Chloderic. This Sigibert was lame from a wound in the leg, received in a battle with the Alemanni near the town of Zulpich. Now when the king had put the Goths to flight and slain king Alaric, two of the enemy suddenly appeared and struck at him with their lances, one on each side. But he was saved from death by the help of his coat of mail as well as by his fast horse. At that time there perished a great number of the people of Auvergne, who had come with Apollinaris and the leading senators. From this battle Amalaric, son of Alaric, fled to Spain and wisely seized his father's kingdom Clovis sent his son Theodoric to Clermont by way of Albi and Rodez. He went, and brought under his father's dominion the cities from the boundaries of the Goths to the limit of the Burgundians. Alaric reigned twenty­two years. When Clovis had spent the winter in Bordeaux and taken all the treasures of Alaric at Toulouse, he went to Angoulême. And the Lord gave him such grace that the walls fell down of their own accord when he gazed at them. Then he drove the Goths out and brought the city under his own dominion. Thereupon after completing his victory he returned to Tours, bringing many gifts to the holy church of the blessed Martin.
38.
Clovis received an appointment to the consulship from the emperor Anastasius, and in the church of the blessed Martin he clad himself in the purple tunic and chlamys, and placed a diadem on his head. Then he mounted his horse, and in the most generous manner he gave gold and silver as he passed along the way which is between the gate of the entrance [of the church of St. Martin] and the church of the city, scattering it among the people who were there with his own hand, and from that day he was called consul or Augustus. Leaving Tours he went to Paris and there he established the seat of his kingdom. There also Theodoric came to him.
Master of Saint Giles Franco-Flemish, active c The Baptism of Clovis, c oil on panel, painted surface: 61.5 x 45.5 cm (24 1/4 x 18 in.) panel: 63.3 x 46.7 cm (24 7/8 x 18 3/8 in.) Samuel H. Kress Collection
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7. Turning Point in History
CH 13 Section 1, “Germanic Kingdoms Unite” Textbook p. 318; PACKET p. 1
Recognizing a
Turning Point in History
The leader of the Franks, Clovis would convert to Christianity –
creating the first alliance
between one of the
Germanic peoples
and the Christian Pope in Rome.
The strategic alliance between Clovis’ Frankish Kingdom and the Church now marked the beginning of a special partnership between two powerful forces
– the sacred and the secular;
the religious and the political
the Church and those Kings who bowed to it!
Franks
TEXTBOOK, p. 318:
Read about the
conversion of
Clothilde,
Clovis’ wife,
and finally
the baptism of
Clovis and
3,000 of his
Frankish
warriors.
1. What role did the Church play in helping
Clovis conquer other Germanic peoples?
After Clovis converted to Christianity, the Church gave its support to his military campaigns against other Germanic peoples –
in order to convert them.
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8. REASONS GERMANIC PEOPLE ADOPT CHRISTIANITY
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Germanic Peoples Adopt Christianity” Text p. 318; PACKET p. 1
REASONS GERMANIC PEOPLE ADOPT CHRISTIANITY
The Franks - first to convert, and with the Church’s blessing
(and military aid) converted other German peoples.
Missionaries – risked their lives traveling among the Germanic and Celtic
groups that lived along the old western empire’s borders.
Fear of coastal attacks by Muslims – led many people in southern
Europe to become Christian and
gain the protection of the Franks
“Christian” army.
MISSIONARIES: Known as Saint Patrick today,
Patrick was a 16 year-old British lad when he was
captured by pirates and sold as a slave in Ireland.
After six years he escaped and then devoted his life
to the Christian religion – returning to Ireland
in the 5th century
as a missionary determined to convert the Irish.
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9. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Monasteries and Convents” Text p. 318; PACKET p. 1
Monasteries and convents – religious communities –
were built by the Church in order to meet the needs of the peasants and villagers adapting to rural life.
These men (monks) and women (nuns) gave up all their possessions, left their families behind, and devoted their lives to serving God in various ways.
Monasteries would become Europe’s
best-educated communities
where men maintained libraries,
copied books,
and taught young boys in school.
Venerable Bede, an English monk, wrote a History of England that most scholars consider the best historical work of the Middle Ages period.
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10. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Monasteries and Convents” Text p. 318; PACKET p. 1
The Bendictine Rule
An Italian monk named Benedict wrote a book of strict, yet practical, rules for monasteries that became the model for most religious communities in Europe.
"Listen carefully, my son, to the Master's instructions, and attend to them with the ear of your heart. This is advice from a father who loves you; welcome it, and faithfully put it into practice. The labor of obedience will bring you back to him from whom you had drifted through the sloth of disobedience. This message of mine is for all, and armed with the strong and noble weapons of obedience to do battle for the true king, Christ the Lord." (the Rule of St. Benedict, Prologue, verses 1-3)
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11. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Gregory I Expands Papal Power” Text p. 319; PACKET p. 1
2. What role did Pope Gregory the Great play in
spreading the idea of a vast unified kingdom?
He increased the Church’s power to include
secular affairs also –
not only religious matters.
He wanted to create a “churchly kingdom”
on earth.
Secular – that which is not considered religious or sacred;
“worldly” matters rather than “heavenly” matters.
Under Gregory, the papacy (office of the Church’s Pope) became a secular power involved in politics. He used Church money to raise armies, repair roads, and help the poor. He negotiated peace treaties with invaders and even acted as mayor of Rome. Yet he believed his authority extended even further - he believed all of Europe fell under his jurisdiction. His idea of a “churchly kingdom” ruled by a Pope would be a central motivating theme in the European Middle Ages.
Profile of Gregory the Great:
Son of a wealthy Roman senator and Saint Silvia Nephew of Saint Emiliana and Saint Tarsilla. Great-grandson of Pope Saint Felix III. Educated by the finest teachers in Rome. Prefect of Rome for a year, then he sold his possessions, turned his home into a Benedictine monastery, and used his money to build six monasteries in Sicily and one in Rome. Benedictine monk. Upon seeing English children being sold in the Roman Forum, he became a missionary to England. Elected 64th Pope by unanimous acclamation on 3 September 590, the first monk to be chosen. Sent Saint Augustine of Canterbury and a company of monks to evangelize England, and other missionaries to France, Spain, and Africa. Collected the melodies and plain chant so associated with him that they are now known as Gregorian Chants. One of the four great Doctors of the Latin Church. Wrote seminal works on the Mass and Office.
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12. Thanks to his partnership with as well as the aid he received from
the Church,
at his death in 511 A.D., Clovis had extended his rule over most of what is today France.
His Merovingian Dynasty
would rule this largest of
European kingdoms
for the next 200 years.
However, by 700 A.D.,
the official post in the
government known as the
“mayor of the palace”
had acquired more power
over the years
than the king himself.
Kingdom of
Franks
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13. Turning Point in History
In 732, a Mayor of the Palace named
Charles Martel (“the Hammer”)
defeated a Muslim raiding party from Spain
at the Battle of Tours.
Recognizing a
Turning Point in History
3. What was important about
Charles Martel’s victory at
the Battle of Tours?
The victory stopped a
Muslim invasion of
Europe and prevented
the Frankish kingdom
from becoming part of
the Muslim empire.
It made Charles Martel
a hero.
Kingdom of
Franks
SPAIN
(Caliphate of Cordova)
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14. Turning Point in History
Recognizing a
Turning Point in History
3. What was important about
Charles Martel’s victory at
the Battle of Tours?
The victory stopped a
Muslim invasion of
Europe and prevented
the Frankish kingdom
from becoming part of
the Muslim empire.
It made Charles Martel
a hero.
KINGDOM OF
FRANKS
SPAIN
(Caliphate of Cordova)
ABBASID
MUSLIM EMPIRE
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15. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Clovis’s Descendants” Text p. 319; PACKET p. 1
Pepin the Short succeeded
his father Charles Martel
after he died
as the new Mayor of the Palace.
But Pepin the Short
wanted to become king
and, taking advantage of his father’s powerful fame,
decided to make his move.
In 751, Pepin deposed the last ruler of the Merovingian Dynasty and declared himself
king of the Franks.
Kingdom of
Franks
SPAIN
(Caliphate of Cordova)
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16. 754 A.D. – Three years later the Pope in Rome, Steven II,
was in need of military help to fight the Lombards
who were invading his Italian lands.
Pope Steven agreed to recognize Pepin as the new King of the Franks
and his descendants as the new legitimate rulers.
In return,
Pepin agreed to invade Italy
and rescue Rome from the Lombards.
Pepin then became the first king
to be officially “annointed”
by a Pope.
The Donation of Pepin:
Pepin gave the Pope control of all
the lands surrounding Rome,
creating the Papal States.
FRANKS
LOMBARDS
LOMBARD ITALY in the 8th century
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17. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Pepin and the Pope” Text p. 320; PACKET p. 1
4. How did Pepin the Short strengthen
the Frankish kingdom?
He successfully fought off the Lombards,
presented the Pope with the Papal States,
and was anointed by the Pope
as the new king of the Franks.
This established an alliance between
the Pope and the Frankish kings
for some time to come.
The Donation of Pepin:
Pepin gave the Pope control of all
the lands surrounding Rome,
creating the Papal States.
LOMBARD ITALY in the 8th century
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18. In 768, Pepin died, leaving the Kingdom of the Franks to his two sons.
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule” Text p. 320; PACKET p. 2
In 768, Pepin died, leaving the Kingdom of the Franks to his two sons.
Packet Reading,
p. 2
“Charlemagne”
CARLOMAN
CHARLES
“Charlemagne”
Kingdom of
Franks
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19. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule” Text p. 320; PACKET p. 2
Left: Statue of Charlemagne today in Aachen, Germany (once Aix-la-Chapelle,
France –
Charlemagne’s
capital).
Right: The impressive empire created by Charlemagne – the largest in Europe
since the fall of Rome.
Einhard was not only Charlemagne’s biographer but also his trusted friend and adviser for 23 years. The Life of Charlemagne repeatedly expresses Einhard’s gratitude for Charlemagne’s support and friendship. Is Einhard’s biography an accurate Source of information about Charlemagne? How might friendship have influenced the way Einhard wrote about Charlemagne?
“Charlemagne was the most potent prince with the greatest skill and success in different countries during the 47 years of his reign. Great and powerful as was the realm of Franks that Karl [Charlemagne] received from his father Pepin,he nevertheless still splendidly enlarged it… in fact, he almost doubled it.” Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne (810 A.D.)
(Born deformed, Einhard was sent to Charlemagne’s Palace School at Aachen where, in spite of his ugliness, became one of the emperor’s most trusted advisors and was placed in charge of the construction of the Palace Cathedral. He also served his Emperor Charlemagne in tense negotiations for the exchange of Saxon hostages.)
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20. Charlemagne's Chapel at his Court in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Takes Center Stage” Text p. 320; PACKET p. 2
CHARLES
“Charlemagne”
Charlemagne's Chapel at his Court
in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)
Kingdom of
Franks

21. THE CAROLINGIAN RENAISSANCE at the Palace School
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Cultural Revival” Text p. 321; PACKET p. 2
THE CAROLINGIAN RENAISSANCE at the Palace School
CHARLES
“Charlemagne”
Charlemagne's Chapel at his Court
in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)
Kingdom of
Franks

22. Recognizing a Turning Point in History
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Takes Center Stage” Text p. 320; PACKET p. 1
In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to capture a mob that had attacked the Pope.
In gratitude, on Christmas Day, 800 A.D.
Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor.
Recognizing a
Turning Point in History
Significant that a Pope was claiming the “right” to confer the title “Roman Emperor”
on a European king.
5. What was the significance of Charlemagne’s
coronation as emperor?
The crowning of Charlemagne as H.R.E.
symbolized the joining of the Church
with the Germanic Powers and the
heritage of the old Roman Empire.
It is also significant in that the Pope
assumed the power to bestow such title
and crown upon a political ruler.
April 25, 799 • Leo III Attacked in Broad Daylight in a Procession
Paschal the Primicerius, a nephew of Pope Adrian I was a sore loser. He wanted to be pope, but in 795, Leo was installed instead. With his cronies, Paschal plotted a cruel revenge. On this day, April 25, 799, as Leo walked in the procession of the Greater Litanies (a form of chanted prayer and responses on St. Mark's Day), armed men attacked him.
They scattered the procession and set upon Leo, stabbing his eyes and attempting to cut out his tongue. Leo fell bleeding in the street. The ruffians then dragged him to the chapel of St. Sylvester and jabbed at his eyes again. Finally they left him in the monastery of Erasmus.
Miraculously, Leo recovered sight in his eyes and the use of his tongue. Friends helped him escape from the monastery and eventually he worked his way over the Alps to the court of Charlemagne. The King of the Franks received Leo sympathetically and returned him to Rome under the protection of his own officials. The Romans cheered.
Paschal's men leveled wild accusations at Leo. Leo asked the bishops to try him. They refused, and so he swore in St. Peters that he was innocent of the charges. Charlemagne ordered the conspirators executed, but Leo, remembering Christ's command to forgive our enemies, pleaded for their lives. In the end, they were merely exiled.
While Charlemagne lived, he and Leo maintained a close working relationship, probably the best ever between the Franks and the popes. The following Christmas Day, as Charlemagne knelt in St. Peter's, Leo placed a jeweled crown on his head. The assembly shouted: "To Charles, the most pious Augustus, crowned by God, to our great and pacific emperor life and victory!"
By crowning Charlemagne, Leo was in effect claiming that emperors receive their authority from the church, a proposition which would be sorely tested in coming centuries
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23. He sent out agents to see that his Counts
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Takes Center Stage” Text p. 320; PACKET p. 1
6. How did Charlemagne govern his unified kingdom?
He sent out agents to see that his Counts
governed their counties justly;
regularly visited every part of his kingdom;
served as judge, settling disputes;
and personally managed his huge estates –
the source of his wealth and power.
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24. after being crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope,
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Takes Center Stage” Text p. 320; PACKET p. 1
Fourteen years
after being crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope,
in 814 A.D. Charlemagne died.
Left: Charlemagne’s jewel-encrusted tomb
in the Aachen cathedral.
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25. A year before he died, Charlemagne himself crowned his only son,
CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne’s Heirs are Weak Rulers” Text p. 321; Packet p. 1
A year before he died, Charlemagne himself crowned his only son,
Louis the Pious, his heir. Devoutly religious, Louis was a weak ruler.
Louis left three sons:
Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German.
These grandsons of Charlemagne fought each other
for control of the Empire.
Their civil war ended in 843
The Treaty of Verdun
divided the former great empire
of Charlemagne
into three small kingdoms.
The lack of strong rulers in
Europe now led to a new system
of governing and landholding
which we will examine next …
Feudalism.

26. Germanic Kingdoms Unite
Ch. 13: MIDDLE AGES –
Section 1:
Germanic Kingdoms Unite
under Charlemagne
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Loessin’s World History Room Tutorials: T-F 8:20-8:50
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Identify effects of the Germanic invasions on the western Roman Empire.
Explain Germanic ideas about government and describe the first Frankish king.
Show how Christianity spread among Germanic peoples.
Summarize events leading to the rise of the Frankish kingdom.
Describe the rise and fall of Charlemagne’s empire.
AGENDA:
WARM-UP – Read Textbook p Interact with History:
DISCUSSION of Section 1, Text p / packet p. 1
DAILY QUIZ
NEXT ASSIGNMENT:
Read Chapter 13, Section 2-3 and complete p. 3-4 in packet

27. WARM-UP – Study the map on p. 323: Who was invading Europe?
Ch. 13: MIDDLE AGES –
Section 2 - 3:
The Feudal Society
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Loessin’s World History Room Tutorials: T-F 8:20-8:50
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Explain the effects of the new invasions on western Europe.
Summarize the structure of the political system known as Feudalism.
Explain the role of the Manor system in the feudal economy.
Describe the training and standards of knighthood as well as the technology of warfare.
Summarize the roles of medieval women.
AGENDA:
WARM-UP – Study the map on p. 323: Who was invading Europe?
DISCUSSION of Section 2-3, Text p / packet p
DAILY QUIZ
NEXT ASSIGNMENT:
Read Chapter 13, Section 4 and complete p. 6-8 in packet

28. CH 13 Sec. 2, “New Invasions Trouble Europe” Text p. 322; PACKET p. 3
800 – 1000 A.D. was a period of intense invasions that disrupted life in Europe
and completely destroyed the former great Carolingian Empire of the Franks.
Why were these invasions so threatening to Europe?
What lands did the Vikings raid?

30. CH 13 Sec. 2, “Social Structure of Feudalism” Text p. 322; PACKET p. 3
Explain the mutual
obligations of
the feudal system.
Land-lord (noble) owns a Manor (huge estate of land).
He gives a grant of land (fief)
to someone who promises in exchange to provide
military protection to the lord and his family, work
the lord’s lands, and serve in other ways.
A person who receives land from a lord is a vassal.
2. Why did the
feudal system create
complicated alliances?
The same noble might be a vassal himself
to several different lords.
King Terry’s kingdom
Lord Roland’s Manor
Sir Thor’s Manor
Sir Alfred
Sir Oscar
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31. Those who fought : nobles, knights, and kings
CH 13 Sec. 2, “Social Structure of Feudalism” Text p. 324; PACKET p. 3
See Feudal Pyramid (Hierarchy),
Text p. 324
3. Describe feudal social classes.
Those who fought : nobles, knights, and kings
Those who prayed : the Church’s Clergy (priests, bishops, monks)
Those who worked : Peasants (serfs)
Social class was usually inherited.
Those who fought
Those who prayed
Those who worked
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33. Serfs – (peasants / workers) who were bound to the land of
CH 13 Sec. 2, “The Manor – Feudalism’s Economic System” Text p. 325; Packet p. 3
Serfs – (peasants / workers) who were bound to the land of
a noble (landlord).
Manor – the lord’s estate; includes all land and houses.
See Medieval Manor
Text p. 326
4. Explain the mutual obligations between the lord and serfs
under the Manor system.
In exchange for housing, land to grow their food, and protection,
the serfs had to perform work to maintain the lord’s manor lands and to pay several different kinds of taxes.
Taxes, Taxes!
Textbook, p. 325
Serfs not only paid several different taxes to their lord and king,
there was also the Church tax, tithe, which was 10% of their income.
5. Explain why the serfs rarely had to leave their manor.
Because the manor was self-sufficient – producing almost everything one needed for daily life.
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35. 6. Explain why serfs accepted their economic hardships.
CH 13 Sec. 2, “The Manor – Feudalism’s Economic System” Text p. 325; Packet p. 3
6. Explain why serfs accepted their economic hardships.
They were taught by the Church and believed that God “determined”
a person’s social position before they were born.
To leave the community in which they were born… would be questioning God’s wisdom.
And it was a sin to question the Church!
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36. CH 13 Sec. 3, “The Age of Chivalry” Text p. 328; PACKET p. 3
See Diagram,
“Education of a Knight”
Text p. 328
1. Education
At age 7 – began training
as a “page”
in a lord’s castle
At age 14 – began training
as a “squire”
acting as a
servant to a knight.
At age 21 – becomes a
knight !
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37. CH 13 Sec. 3, “The Age of Chivalry” Text p. 328; PACKET p. 3
1. Education
At age 7 – began training
as a “page”
in a lord’s castle
At age 14 – began training
as a “squire”
acting as a
servant to a knight.
At age 21 – becomes a
knight !
2. Weapons / Equipment
Saddles, stirrups, armor,
high-flying missiles.
Packet reading,
“Medieval Hand Weapons”
p. 5
Question about the “Crossbow” on Test!
Loading, or “cocking”
a crossbow.
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38. CH 13 Sec. 3, “The Age of Chivalry” Text p. 328; PACKET p. 3
1. Education
At age 7 – began training
as a “page”
in a lord’s castle
At age 14 – began training
as a “squire”
acting as a
servant to a knight.
At age 21 – becomes a
knight !
2. Weapons / Equipment
Saddles,
stirrups,
armor,
high-flying missiles.
3. War games
Fighting in local wars
and in tournaments (mock battles) kept knights trained and in shape.

39. CH 13 Sec. 3, “The Age of Chivalry” Text p. 328; PACKET p. 3
1. Education
At age 7 – began training
as a “page”
in a lord’s castle
At age 14 – began training
as a “squire”
acting as a
servant to a knight.
At age 21 – becomes a
knight !
2. Weapons / Equipment
Saddles,
stirrups,
armor,
high-flying missiles.
3. War games
Fighting in local wars
and in
tournaments (mock battles)
kept knights trained
and in shape.
4. Code of Chivalry
be loyal, brave, courteous;
defend the “3 masters”
your Lord God,
your feudal lord,
and your lady;
- protect the weak / poor.
Chivalry – a code of behavior / values for Medieval knights and lords.

40. CH 13 Sec. 3, “The Age of Chivalry” Text p. 328; PACKET p. 3
1. Education
At age 7 – began training
as a “page”
in a lord’s castle
At age 14 – began training
as a “squire”
acting as a
servant to a knight.
At age 21 – becomes a
knight !
2. Weapons / Equipment
Saddles,
stirrups,
armor,
high-flying missiles.
3. War games
Fighting in local wars
and in
tournaments (mock battles)
kept knights trained
and in shape.
                             
5. Castles
The lived in and
protected home
of feudal lords –
designed as fortresses
with massive walls
and guard towers.
4. Code of Chivalry
be loyal, brave, courteous;
defend the “3 masters”
your Lord God,
your feudal lord,
and your lady;
- protect the weak / poor.
Chivalry – a code of behavior / values for Medieval knights and lords.

41. Castles and Siege Weapons, Textbook p. 329
The trebuchet was a catapult machine that could sling objects at or over a castle wall.
Castle Usov – Moravia; Castle Bitov – Moravia; Lichtenstein – Germany; Dunvegan Castle - Scotland

42. CH 13 Sec. 3, “The Age of Chivalry” Text p. 328; PACKET p. 3
1. Education
At age 7 – began training
as a “page”
in a lord’s castle
At age 14 – began training
as a “squire”
acting as a
servant to a knight.
At age 21 – becomes a
knight !
2. Weapons / Equipment
Saddles,
stirrups,
armor,
high-flying missiles.
3. War games
Fighting in local wars
and in
tournaments (mock battles)
kept knights trained
and in shape.
                             
6. Romance
Knight expected to defend his chosen lady and keep her entertained with love songs and poems.
4. Code of Chivalry
be loyal, brave, courteous;
defend the “3 masters”
your Lord God,
your feudal lord,
and your lady;
- protect the weak / poor.
5. Castles
The lived in and
protected home
of feudal lords –
designed as fortresses
with massive walls
and guard towers.
Chivalry – a code of behavior / values for Medieval knights and lords.

43. Troubadours were poet-musicians at the castles and courts of Europe who composed short verses and long songs about romance, heroic and lovesick knights, or the news of the day was also shared in this way. Troupes of musicians / troubadours / minstrels would travel village to village and deliver the news “in song.”
Noble men and women flocked to the court of Eleanor of Aquitaine (one of the richest and most famous of Medieval women – she would marry both a French king and later an English king).
She and her daughter turned “love” into a scientific study at their famous “Court of Love.” Here men visited to learn how to properly “court” a Lady and to write love sonnets, women also learned the “art” of loving a man “properly.”

44. WARM-UP – Study the map on p. 323: Who was invading Europe?
Ch. 13: MIDDLE AGES –
Section 2 - 3:
The Feudal Society
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Loessin’s World History Room Tutorials: T-F 8:20-8:50
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Explain the effects of the new invasions on western Europe.
Summarize the structure of the political system known as Feudalism.
Explain the role of the Manor system in the feudal economy.
Describe the training and standards of knighthood as well as the technology of warfare.
Summarize the roles of medieval women.
AGENDA:
WARM-UP – Study the map on p. 323: Who was invading Europe?
DISCUSSION of Section 2-3, Text p / packet p
DAILY QUIZ
NEXT ASSIGNMENT:
Read Chapter 13, Section 4 and complete p. 6-8 in packet

45. The Church Wields Power
Ch. 13: MIDDLE AGES –
Section 4:
The Church Wields Power
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Loessin’s World History Room Tutorials: T-F 8:20-8:50
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Describe the Church’s structure, influence, and power.
Explain the relationship between the Church and the German Empire.
List events in the power struggle between the popes and German emperors.
Summarize the conflict between the Church and Frederick I.
Explain why the feudal states of Germany did not unify during the middle ages.
AGENDA: Please begin your Warm-up Immediately.
WARM-UP – Read p. 332 “Setting the Stage” & “The Scope of Church Authority”
DISCUSSION of Section 4, Packet p. 6
REVIEW Discussion for test
NEXT ASSIGNMENT:
STUDY Chapter 13 (including all quizzes) for Friday’s TEST !!!

46. The Church Structure (Hierarchy):
CH 13 Sec. 4, “The Scope of Church Authority” Text p. 332; PACKET p. 6
The Church Structure (Hierarchy):
POPE
Bishops Bishops Bishops
Priests Priests Priests Priests Priests
Lay People People People People People People
Clergy – religious
officials
Lay – the common people in the Church
Bishop’s Cathedrals
in Major Cities
Diocese
Diocese
The Village
Parish Churches
The Village
Parish Churches

47. CH 13 Sec. 4, “Religion as a Unifying Force” Text p. 332; PACKET p. 6
The Middle Ages are aptly sometime called
The Age of Faith.
While Feudalism and the Manor system
created divisions among Medieval people…
Shared beliefs and the teachings of the Church
was a stable force,
establishing unity among Europeans.
Whoever you were, whatever your lot in life,
everyone could still follow the same path
to Salvation (everlasting life in Heaven).
This path to Heaven – according to the Medieval Church – was paved by following the Church’s sacraments.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

48. CH 13 Sec. 4, “Religion as a Unifying Force” Text p. 332; PACKET p. 6
Sacraments – important religious ceremonies (rites) in the Church.
The Sacraments were meant to follow a person’s life from beginning to end.
Baptism – initiation rite into the Christian community.
Confirmation – people of their own will acknowledge
their belief.
Holy Communion - a meal of bread and wine that
(Eucharist) Christians share in remembrance
of Jesus’ last meal.
Marriage – ceremony blessing the union of a couple
Ordination – ceremony to initiate new priests into the
priesthood
Penance / Confession – repenting of sins;
(Reconciliation) asking of forgiveness
Last Rites – prayer service priest provides the dying
or over the dead.

49. CH 13 Sec. 4, “Church Justice” Text p. 333; PACKET p. 6
canon law – the laws of the Church.
Church courts tried people
for breaking canon law / heresy.
Two types of punishment:
Of an individual = Excommunication
Of a community / region = Interdict
Popes often used the “threat”
of these two types of punishment
to force kings into obedience.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

50. The Holy Roman Empire
was the strongest kingdom that arose following the collapse of Charlemagne’s Frankish kingdom.
Otto I became king came of the Holy Roman Empire in 936.
His constant problem was trying to control the nobles / princes who controlled the several princely “states” within his Germanic Empire, the H.R.E.
To do so, Otto created close alliances with church officials who gave their support to his defeating the “unruly” German princes.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

51. CH 13 Sec. 4, “The Church and the H.R.E.” Text p. 333; PACKET p. 6
CAUSES ACTIONS OUTCOMES
Otto wants to limit the power of his nobles; forms close alliance
with Church.
1. Otto invades Italy
to rescue the Pope.
Pope agrees to crown Otto “Emperor” in 962.
Otto was now the first Emperor in the West since Charlemagne.
However, his attempt to re-create an Empire like Charlemagne’s
created tensions –
particularly with Italian nobles
who resented growing German strength.
The Popes also came to resent the power German emperors held over church clergy in Germany and even over some Italian principalities.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

52. CH 13 Sec. 4, “The Church and the H.R.E.” Text p. 333; PACKET p. 6
Otto was now the first Emperor in the West since Charlemagne.
However, his attempt to re-create an Empire like Charlemagne’s
created tensions –
particularly with Italian nobles
who resented growing German strength.
The Popes also came to resent the power German emperors held over church clergy in Germany and even northern Italian principalities.
EUROPE, 1000 A.D.
E A S T E R N

53. CH 13 Sec. 4, “H.R.E. Clashes with the Pope Text p. 334; PACKET p. 6
One of the things Popes began to resent most was kings who
exercised power over clergy and their church offices.
The main focus of this resentment was the practice known as
Lay investiture – a ceremony in which kings appointed
church officials within their own kingdom.
Remember:
Kings are considered “Lay” –
they are not ordained “Clergy”
CAUSES ACTIONS OUTCOMES
Pope Gregory VII resents the power that emperors have over the church clergy.
2. Pope Gregory bans
lay investiture
H.R.E. Henry IV calls a meeting of bishops in the H.R.E. and orders Pope Gregory to step down from the papacy.
The Showdown at Canossa, Textbook p. 334
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

54. CH 13 Sec. 4, “H.R.E. Clashes with the Pope” Text p. 334; PACKET p. 6
CAUSES ACTIONS OUTCOMES
Pope Gregory excommunicates
H.R.E. Henry IV;
German bishops & princes side with the pope (fearing an interdict);
Henry must seek the Pope’s forgiveness.
3. Henry IV travels
to Canossa.
Henry is forgiven by the pope, returns home,
and then punishes his German nobles for siding with the pope.
The Concordat of Worms is signed in 1122.
The issue of lay investiture would remain undecided for another century.
4. Representatives of
Church and the
emperor
meet in Worms.
Compromise is reached:
Only the pope could now promote priests to be bishops in any kingdom; but the emperor would be given veto power over any selection he didn’t like.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

55. CH 13 Sec. 4, “Conflicts Continue under Frederick” Text p
CH 13 Sec. 4, “Conflicts Continue under Frederick” Text p. 334; PACKET p. 6
The Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV’s struggle with the Pope
provided a chance for German princes in the Empire to regain much of the power
they had lost under Otto.
A later German ruler, Frederick I, would resume the battle to assert royal authority
over these princes.
While Frederick was the first to actually call the German lands the “Holy Roman Empire” it was anything but a unified empire – rather, a patchwork of princely states.
Poor
EUROPE, 1000 A.D.
Rich
E A S T E R N

56. Frederick repeatedly invaded the rich cities of Italy.
CH 13 Sec. 4, “Conflicts Continue under Frederick” Text p. 335; PACKET p. 6
Instead of focusing on building up his royal power in the German states,
Frederick repeatedly invaded the rich cities of Italy.
CAUSES ACTIONS OUTCOMES
Frederick’s brutal acts angered the wealthy Italian merchants who formed
the Lombard League.
5. Lombard League
fights Frederick’s
army at the
Battle of Legnano.
The Italian foot soldiers of the Lombard League
using crossbows
defeat Frederick’s feudal army of mounted knights.
Frederick is forced to make peace with the Pope,
a weakened ruler among his German princes back home.
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

57. CH 13 Sec. 4, “German States Remain Separate” Text p. 335; PACKET p. 6
Reason why German states Remain Separate and not a Unified Nation
German kings getting involved in Italian politics led to
continued disruptive clashes.
The system of German princes being the ones to elect the king
only weakened royal authority.
German rulers controlled fewer “royal lands” in their kingdom
to use as a base of power.
(Unlike English and French kings who would quickly
establish strong central authority and create the
first Nation-states in Europe…
as we shall see in Chapter 14.)
PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

58. The Church Wields Power
Ch. 13: MIDDLE AGES –
Section 4:
The Church Wields Power
AKINS HIGH SCHOOL Mr. Loessin’s World History Room Tutorials: T-F 8:20-8:50
TODAY’S OBJECTIVES:
Describe the Church’s structure, influence, and power.
Explain the relationship between the Church and the German Empire.
List events in the power struggle between the popes and German emperors.
Summarize the conflict between the Church and Frederick I.
Explain why the feudal states of Germany did not unify during the middle ages.
AGENDA: Please begin your Warm-up Immediately.
WARM-UP – Read p. 332 “Setting the Stage” & “The Scope of Church Authority”
DISCUSSION of Section 4, Packet p. 6
REVIEW Discussion for test
NEXT ASSIGNMENT:
STUDY Chapter 13 (including all quizzes) for Friday’s TEST !!!