1. Inter American University of Puerto Rico Guayama Campus Title V Cooperative Project Past Progressive Module Prof. Marisol Piazza Aguirre

2. Instructions Use the following buttons to navigate through this module: Use this button to move to the next slide. Use this button to move to the previous slide. Use this button to move to the last viewed slide. Use this button to view the answer to the exercise.

3. Purpose This module proposes to expand the basic teaching-learning activities of English included in the Title V Cooperative Project: “Improving Academic Outcomes Through a Teaching-Based Consortium Program for the Core Curriculum”. The project is integrated by the Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico in Ponce from where it is directed, the Arecibo, Mayagüez and Guayama Campuses, the School of Plastic Arts of Puerto Rico and Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Guayama Campus.

4. Introduction One of the most important verb tenses an ESL (English Second Language) student should master to communicate effectively in English orally as well as in written form is the Past Progressive Tense. This module has been designed for all college students but specially for you students who are registered in the basic English as a Second Language I, GEEN 1101 course. In this module, you will study and review the rules of how to use the Past Progressive Tense correctly.

5. Objectives General Objective: By the end of this module, the student will develop confidence and demonstrate knowledge using the Past Progressive correctly to express actions that were occurring at specific times in the past. Specific Objective: At the end of this module, the student will use affirmative and negative sentences, direct questions, short yes/no answers, wh-questions (information questions) and answers giving pertinent information in the Past Progressive.

6. Pre-Test (Affirmative Sentences) Select the best answer. __ 1. I ___ last night when the electricity went out. (A) am studying (B) was studying (C) studying __ 2. We ___ tennis yesterday at 6:00 P.M. (A) are playing (B) was playing (C) were playing __ 3. John ___ and Cecilia was taking pictures. (A) was driving (B) is driving (C) was driveing __ 4. While mother ___ yesterday evening, I prepared the salad. (A) was cooking (B) is cooking (C) cooks __ 5. They ___ the house when we arrived unexpectedly. (A) was cleaning (B) are cleaning (C) were cleaning

7. Pre-Test (Negative Sentences) __ 6. The little boy ___ when he fell into the pool. (A) isn’t running (B) wasn’t running (C) wasn’t runing __ 7. Mr. and Mrs. Williams ___ when the robbery occurred. (A) weren’t traveling (B) aren’t traveling (C) wasn’t traveling __ 8. The printers at the Computer Lab. ____ last week. (A) weren’t working (B) wasn’t working (C) aren’t working __ 9. The sun ___ brightly this morning. (A) weren’t shining (B) wasn’t shineing (C) wasn’t shining __10. Sharon ____ attention in class yesterday. (A) isn’t paying (B) wasn’t paying (C) weren’t paying

8. Pre-Test (Yes/No Questions) __ 11. ___ you ___ to the news last night ? (A) Was, listening (B) Are, listening (C) Were, listening __ 12. ___ Carlos ___ his car yesterday afternoon ? (A) Is, fixing (B) Was, fixing (C) Was, fixxing __ 13. ___ we ___ at the meeting last Monday ? (A) Were, interrupting (B) Were, interupting (C) Are, interrupting __ 14. ___ the stores ___ when you arrived ? (A) Were, closeing (B) Are, closing (C) Were, closing __ 15. ___ the man ___ to his wife about the money he had spent. (A) Was, lying (B) Is, lying (C) Was, lieing

9. Pre-Test (Wh-Questions) __ 16. Why ___ the audience ___ at the end of the movie ? (A) were, crying (B) was, crying (C) are, crying __ 17. Who ____ a lot last night ? (A) was sneezeing (B) was sneezing (C) is sneezing __ 18. When ___ they ___ for Christmas presents ? (A) was, shopping (B) were, shoping (C) were, shopping __ 19. Where ___ Robert and Paola ___ when you saw them ? (A) were, going (B) are, going (C) was, going __ 20. What ___ Angie ___ yesterday night ? (A) was, sewwing (B) were, sewing (C) was, sewing

10. Pre-Test Answer Key 1. B 11. C 2. C 12. B 3. A 13. A 4. A 14. C 5. C 15. A 6. B 16. B 7. A 17. B 8. A 18. C 9. C 19. A 10. B 20. C

11. Pre-Test Evaluation Total Correct Answers: 20 Excellent: Go to the Post-Test. 19 Very Good: Review the incorrect answer and go to the Post-Test. 18-12 Good: Review the incorrect answers, study the rules presented in this module, do the practice exercises and then go to the Post-Test. 11 or You Need More Practice: Study the module, review the less rules carefully and do the practice exercises. When you improve your score, you may go to the Post-Test.

12. Past Progressive The Past Progressive has two parts: BE (was/were) and Verb + ing Examples: 1. I was watching TV at 10:30 last night. 2. He was reading when the explosion occurred. 3. They were painting while we were cleaning.

13. Past Progressive Use the Past Progressive tense to: Talk about activities that were or weren’t happening at a specific time in the past. Example: 1. We were watching TV last night at 9:00. 2. We weren’t sleeping last night at 9:00.

14. Past Progressive Talk about two or more activities that were happening at the same time. Example: 1. With and: Jake was driving and Cecilia was taking pictures. 2. With while: While Jake was driving, Cecilia was taking pictures.

15. Past Progressive Describe a scene when you tell a story Example: The sun was shining. Many people were swimming in the clear, blue water of the lake…

16. Language Notes When while comes at the beginning of a sentence, add a comma. When while comes in the middle of a sentence, do not add a comma. Non-action verbs are not used in the past progressive tense:

17. Non-Action Verbs (Do not add -ing) SensesFeelingsOpinionPossessionMental Status Other feel agreebelongforgetbe hearhatebelievehaveknowcost looklikedisagreeownremembermean seelovefeelunderstandneed smellthinkowe soundwant taste

18. Some Examples of Past Tense Time Expressions yesterday 10 minutes ago yesterday morning 5 days ago yesterday afternoon 3 weeks ago yesterday evening 2 Saturdays ago last night 4 months ago last Friday… 7 years ago last week 2 semesters ago last weekend 2 summers ago last month in 1970 last Christmas in the year 2000 etc…

19. Spelling Rules Rule # 1: Add -ing to the base form of most verbs. Examples: drink-drinking eat-eating play-playing Rule # 2: If a verb ends in a silent -e, drop the final –e and add -ing. Examples: smile-smiling receive-receiving

20. Spelling Rules Rule # 3: If a one-syllable verb ends in a consonant, a vowel, and a consonant (CVC), double the last consonant before adding –ing. Examples: sit-sitting run-running Rule # 4: In two-syllable verbs that end in a consonant, a vowel, and a consonant (CVC), double the last consonant only if the last syllable is stressed. Examples: admit-admitting (last syllable is stressed) whisper-whispering (first syllable is stressed)

21. Spelling Rules Rule # 5: If the verb ends in -ie, drop the -ie, add -y and then add -ing. Examples: lie-lying die-dying Rule # 6: Do not double the last consonant in verbs ending in -x or -w. Examples: fix-fixing snow-snowing

22. Affirmative Sentences Use: SubjectPast of BE Verb + -ing I He She It wasworking. You We They wereworking.

23. Affirmative Sentences Examples: 1. I was working in the garden yesterday afternoon. 2. It was raining hard when they left this morning. 3. The dog was barking a lot last night. 4. Alex was painting the house and Luis was washing the cars. 5. The children were playing with sand at the beach while their mothers were talking. 6. Daniel and Mary were visiting their friends last summer.

24. Negative Sentences Use: SubjectNegative Past of BE Verb + -ing I He She It was not (wasn’t) working. You We They were not (weren’t) working.

25. Negative Sentences Examples: 1. I wasn’t working in the garden yesterday afternoon. 2. It wasn’t raining hard when they left this morning. 3. The dog wasn’t barking a lot last night. 4. Alex wasn’t painting the house and Luis wasn’t washing the cars. 5. The children weren’t playing with sand at the beach while their mothers were talking. 6. Daniel and Mary weren’t visiting their friends last summer.

26. Yes/No Questions and Short Answers Yes/No Questions Use: Past Tense of BE Subject Verb + -ing Was I he she it working ? Were you we they working ?

27. Yes/No Questions and Short Answers Short Answers Use: AFFIRMATIVENEGATIVE YES, I was. NO, I wasn’t. he was.he wasn’t. she was.she wasn’t. it was.it wasn’t. you were.you weren’t. we were.we weren’t. they were.they weren’t.

28. Yes/No Questions and Short Answers Examples: 1. Question: Were you working in the garden yesterday afternoon? Answers: Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t. 2. Question: Was it raining hard when they left ? Answers: Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t. 3. Question: Was the dog barking a lot last night ? Answers: Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.

29. Yes/No Questions and Short Answers 4. Question: Was Alex painting the house ? Answers: Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. 5. Question: Was Sally playing with sand at the beach while her mother was speaking on the cell phone ? Answers: Yes, she was. No, she wasn’t. 6. Question: Were Daniel and Mary visiting their friends last summer ? Answers: Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

30. Wh-Questions WH-Questions Use: Wh-wordPast Tense of BE SubjectBase Form of BE + ing What When Where Why How was I he she it reading? were you we they

31. Wh-Questions Examples: 1. Question: Where were you working yesterday ? Answer: I was working in the garden. 2. Question: When was it raining ? Answer: It was raining this morning. 3. Question: Why was the dog barking a lot last night ? Answer: It was barking because strange people were passing by the house.

32. Wh-Questions 4. Question: Who was painting the house ? Answer: Alex was painting the house. 5. Question: What were the children playing with at the beach ? Answer : They were playing with sand. 6. Question: Who were Daniel and Mary visiting last summer ? Answer: They were visiting their friends.

33. Practice Exercise Select the best answer. __ 1. We ___ at the bus stop when the accident occurred. (A) was waiting (B) are waiting (C) were waiting __ 2. Sarah ___ to her supervisor this morning. (A) is speaking (B) was speaking (C) was speak __ 3. Grandmother ___ on the balcony while we were playing cards. (A) was siting (B) was sitting (C) is sitting __ 4. Michael’s parents ___ him pay his bills last year. (A) was helping (B) are helping (C) were helping __ 5. My hands ___ while I was giving my oral presentation. (A) were shaking (B) were shakeing (C) are shaking

34. Practice Exercise __ 6. Samuel ____ on time to his work last week. (A) wasn’t arriving (B) isn’t arriving (C) wasn’t arriveing __ 7. The fax machine ____ yesterday. (A) isn’t working (B) weren’t working (C) wasn’t working __ 8. The children ____ when they saw the dentist. (A) aren’t crying (B) weren’t crying (C) wasn’t crying __ 9. I ____ when Jenny fell off her bicycle. (A) am not laughing (B) wasn’t laughing (C) wasn’t laugh __10. The students ____ while they were taking an exam. (A) wasn’t talking (B) aren’t talking (C) weren’t talking

35. Practice Exercise __ 11. ___ Prof. Santiago ___ assignments last Monday ? (A) Were, checking (B) Is, checking (C) Was, checking __ 12. ___ you ___ in Miami five years ago ? (A) Were, living (B) Was, living (C) Were, liveing __ 13. ___ the employees ___ to each other at the meeting ? (A) Were, whisppering (B) Were, whispering (C) Were, whisper __ 14. ___ the airplane ___ when Henry arrived to the airport ? (A) Was, leaveing (B) Is, leaving (C) Was, leaving __ 15.___ the boys ___ basketball yesterday afternoon ? (A) Were, play (B) Are, playing (C) Were, playing

36. Practice Exercise __ 16. What ___ Victor ___ when you called him ? (A) is, doing (B) was, doing (C) were, doing __ 17. When ___ the actors ___ books and posters at the Mall ? (A) are, signing (B) were, signing (C) were, signning __ 18. Where ___ Laura ___ French last semester ? (A) is, studying (B) were, studying (C) was, studying __ 19. Who _____ loud music last night ? (A) was playing (B) is playing (C) were playing __ 20. Why ___ the fans ____ at the rock concert ? (A) were, screamming (B) were, screaming (C) were, scream

37. Practice Exercise Answer Key 1. C 11. C 2. B 12. A 3. B 13. B 4. C 14. C 5. A 15. C 6. A 16. B 7. C 17. B 8. B 18. C 9. B 19. A 10. C 20. B

38. Practice Exercise Evaluation Total Correct Answers: 20 Excellent: Go to the Post-Test. 19 Very Good: Review the incorrect answer and go to the Post-Test. 18-12 Good: Review the incorrect answers, consult the module again and then go to the Post-Test. 11or You Need More Practice: Study the module, less review the rules carefully and do the practice exercises again. When you understand and improve your score, you may go to the Post-Test.

39. Post Test (Affirmative Sentences) Select the best answer. __ 1. I ___ last night when the electricity went out. (A) am studying (B) was studying (C) studying __ 2. We ___ tennis yesterday at 6:00 P.M. (A) are playing (B) was playing (C) were playing __ 3. John ___ and Cecilia was taking pictures. (A) was driving (B) is driving (C) was driveing __ 4. While mother ___ yesterday evening, I prepared the salad. (A) was cooking (B) is cooking (C) cooks __ 5. They ___ the house when we arrived unexpectedly. (A) was cleaning (B) are cleaning (C) were cleaning

40. Post Test (Negative Sentences) __ 6. The little boy ___ when he fell into the pool. (A) isn’t running (B) wasn’t running (C) wasn’t runing __ 7. Mr. and Mrs. Williams ___ when the robbery occurred. (A) weren’t traveling (B) aren’t traveling (C) wasn’t traveling __ 8. The printers at the Computer Lab. ____ last week. (A) weren’t working (B) wasn’t working (C) aren’t working __ 9. The sun ___ brightly this morning. (A) weren’t shining (B) wasn’t shineing (C) wasn’t shining __10. Sharon ____ attention in class yesterday. (A) isn’t paying (B) wasn’t paying (C) weren’t paying

41. Post Test (Yes/No Questions) __ 11. ___ you ___ to the news last night ? (A) Was, listening (B) Are, listening (C) Were, listening __ 12. ___ Carlos ___ his car yesterday afternoon ? (A) Is, fixing (B) Was, fixing (C) Was, fixxing __ 13. ___ we ___ at the meeting last Monday ? (A) Were, interrupting (B) Were, interupting (C) Are, interrupting __ 14. ___ the stores ___ when you arrived ? (A) Were, closeing (B) Are, closing (C) Were, closing __ 15. ___ the man ___ to his wife about the money he had spent. (A) Was, lying (B) Is, lying (C) Was, lieing

42. Post Test (Wh-Questions) __ 16. Why ___ the audience ___ at the end of the movie ? (A) were, crying (B) was, crying (C) are, crying __ 17. Who ____ a lot last night ? (A) was sneezeing (B) was sneezing (C) is sneezing __ 18. When ___ they ___ for Christmas presents ? (A) was, shopping (B) were, shoping (C) were, shopping __ 19. Where ___ Robert and Paola ___ when you saw them ? (A) were, going (B) are, going (C) was, going __ 20. What ___ Angie ___ yesterday night ? (A) was, sewwing (B) were, sewing (C) was, sewing

43. Post Test Answer Key 1. B 11. C 2. C 12. B 3. A 13. A 4. A 14. C 5. C 15. A 6. B 16. B 7. A 17. B 8. A 18. C 9. C 19. A 10. B 20. C

44. Post-Test Evaluation Total Correct Answers: 20 Excellent: Congratulations! You have successfully completed this module. You may work with a different module if necessary. 19 Very Good: Review the incorrect answer. You may work on a different module if necessary. 18-12 Good: Review the incorrect answers, review the areas of difficulty and take the Post-Test again. 11 or You Need More Practice: I recommend that you review less the complete module and take the Post-Test again.

45. Letter to the Student Congratulations ! You have completed the Past Progressive module. If you really understand all of the rules and examples presented, you can work with a different module depending on your needs. However, if you still have some questions concerning the rules, I advise you to review this module again before studying a different module. Remember you learn by practicing, therefore use the Past Progressive in your daily conversations and written work.