1. 1-2 The Simplest Matter I. The Elements
An element is a matter made of atoms of only one kind.

2. eg: the gold coin is an element made of gold atoms.
Iron nail is an element made of iron atoms.

3. Statue of Liberty is made of copper atoms.
Diamond is made of carbon atoms.

4. Other matter are made of atoms of more than one kind, they can be taken apart into different kinds of atoms by proper equipments.
eg: water can be taken apart into hydrogen and oxygen gas.
H2O H2 + O2

5. DNA——
the biomolecule that stores the genetic information of living things is made up of five different elements. C S H N O

6. At this time, 115 elements are known.
Everything on Earth is made up by the elements or combination of these elements.

8. 90 of them are naturally occurring elements.
eg: element hydrogen and oxygen can be found in water.
eg: element carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, iron…can be found in a puppy.

9. 25 of them are synthetic elements.
Made by scientists with machines.
Synthetic elements are marked with a bull’s-eye logo.
new synthetic element

10. Fermilab spans 6200 acres of land, just enough area to accelerate particles close to the speed of light.
The particle accelerator, the Tevatron is located inside the large circle on the photo.

12. II. The Periodic Table
Dewey Decimal Classification system helps you find a book quickly and efficiently.

13. Periodic table
Periodic table is a chart of elements to help chemists to organize and display the elements.

14. Element symbol is a shorthand that chemists use to save time and space.
Eg:
H is the symbol for hydrogen.
O is the symbol for oxygen.

15. The rows in the table are called periods.
The elements in a row have the same number of energy levels.

16. The columns in the table are called groups
The elements in a group have similar properties.

17. III. Identifying Characteristics
Nucleus
Neutron
Proton
The number of electrons equals to the number of protons.
Electron
All the atoms of an element are exactly alike.
Different elements are made of different kinds of atoms.

18. All the atoms of an element have the same number of protons.
eg:
The oxygen atoms in water, air or plants all contain 8 protons in their nucleus.
The atoms of different elements have different number of protons.
eg: iron atoms all contain 26 protons in their nucleus.

19. The number of protons in the atom of the element equals to atomic number.
Ex: how many protons in the atoms of the following elements?
Carbon (2nd period, 14th group)
Sodium (3rd period, 1st group)
Radon (6th period, 18th group)
Answer: 6 11 86

20. For one element, the number of neutrons can be different.
eg: all atoms of H element contain 1 proton in the nucleus.
Some H atoms contain no neutron while others contain 1 or 2 neutrons in their nucleus.
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

21. mass number = nproton+ nneutron
An atom’s mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons it contains.
Isotope of hydrogen
protium
deuterium
tritium
Proton
Neutron
Mass Number
mass number = nproton+ nneutron

22. ex 1: Oxygen have three types of atoms which contain 7, 8, 9 neutrons respectively.
Isotope of oxygen 1 2 3
Proton 8
Neutron 7 9
Mass Number
Different isotopes of the element are referred to using its mass number.
Eg: O-15, O-16, O-17

23. Quiz: element 1-20
Symbol, name, atomic number.

24. ex 2: Chlorine has two isotopes Cl-35 and Cl-37. Fill the table below.
Isotope of chlorine
Cl-35
Cl-37
Proton
Neutron
Mass Number
electron

25. atoms
Proton
Neutron
Mass Number
electron

26. proton
neutron
electron
Mass number I 53
131 Co 33 27 Mo 56 98 U 92
143 Ba
141

27. Multiple choice
True or false (if it is false, correct it)
Filling tables.
Filling blanks. (probably)
Match.
Short answers.
Calculation. (atomic mass )
Paper dictionary, calculator are allowed.

28. Atomic mass is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element.
75.8%
24.2%
If you have 100 chlorine atoms, 75.8% of them are Cl-35 and 24.2% are Cl-37.
What’s the atomic mass of Cl?
Atomic mass of chlorine =75.8%×34.97u+24.2%×36.97u
=35.45 u u – atomic mass unit
Chlorine 17 Cl
35.453

29. IV. Classification of Elements
Three general categories of elements——
metals, metalloids and nonmetals.
Metalloids
Metals
nonmetals
Most of the elements are metals, they are found on the left side of the periodic table.

30. 1. Metals The properties of metals:
Most with high melting point (solid →liquid)
Metallic luster
Good conductor of heat and electricity
Malleable
Ductile

31. Think about the uses of these properties of metal:
Good
conductor
of heat
Malleable
Luster
Good conductor
of electricity
Ductile

32. 2. Nonmetals The properties of nonmetals:
Usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature.
Dull in appearance.
Poor conductors of heat and electricity.

33. Can you find this element?
All nonmetals are gases and brittle solids at room temperature except one.
Can you find this element?
bromine

34. Nonmetals are essential for life.
Can you find out the nonmetals in protein?

35. 3. Metalloids
Metalloids
Metals
The elements between metals and nonmetals are metalloids (semimetals).
Nonmetals
Silicon are used to make the electronic circuits in electronic devices.

36. Metalloids share some properties with metals and some with nonmetals.
The properties of metalloids:
Slight luster, conduct electricity at high temperature;
Brittle, does not conduct electricity at low temperature.

37. Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust.
Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in Earth’s crust.

38. Exercises
The nucleus of one atom contains 12 protons and 12 neutrons, while the nucleus of another atom contains 12 protons and 16 neutrons. What are the atoms?
A) chromium atoms
B) two different elements
C) two isotopes of an element
D) negatively charged
2. What are the majority of the elements on the periodic table called?
A) metals
B) metalloids
C) nonmetals
D) compounds

39. 3. Which element is a metalloid?
A) bromine
B) silicon
C) potassium
D) iron
Problem:
4. An atom contains seven electrons and seven protons. What element is this atom? Explain your answer.
Nitrogen, because the nitrogen atom has 7 protons.
5. Cobalt-60 and cobalt-59 are isotopes. How can they be the same element but have different mass numbers?
Different neutron number.

40. Homework:
Page 5, 6 (section 2)
Page 12

41. Remember elements 1-20
name, symbol, atomic number
quiz tomorrow! If you fail, retake the test!