1. ICAO Last Update: 11 June 2007 Maj Rich Bruce AIS

2. ICAO

3. OVERVIEW ICAO Background Why We Care ICAO Pubs U.S. Pubs Altimetry WGS-84 ICAO Region-Specific

4. ( ( 1944 Chicago Convention - established ICAO - by 52 nations ( ( ICAO Articles ratified 1947 - by 26 Nations

5. Scene from the Chicago Convention

6. ICAO Headquarters Montreal, Canada 190 member nations –as of June 2007

7. Does ICAO Apply To Me? ICAO Article 3: – “... applicable only to civil aircraft, and shall not be applicable to state aircraft” –“aircraft used in the military, customs, and police services shall be deemed to be state aircraft”. BUT….

8. Does ICAO Apply To Me? AFI 11-202 V3, para 1.2.1: The PIC will comply with: 1.National Procedures - in sovereign nation 2.ICAO SARPs - if no national procedures 3.ICAO SARPs - International / Over the High Seas – (routine operations)

9. Does ICAO Apply To Me? AFM 11-217 V1, para 18.1.3.1 –Outside US National Airspace, apply ICAO instrument procedures unless otherwise published. –Nationality of the air traffic controller or who produced the procedure is not relevant. –Geographic location of the aircraft is the determining factor, unless local procedures are in place.  In FLIP and/or local directives

10. A Note On…“National Procedures” “National Procedures” include: –Published procedures –Bilateral Agreements with U.S.  Often Not Generally Available  LOA  Local AFI  Could be airfield-specific

11. What Rules Do I Use….? …. at a U.S. military airfield in foreign country? 1 st - Bilateral agreements 2 nd - National procedures 3 rd - ICAO SARPs

12. ICAO Rules & Regs “The ICAO Convention” - General Rules –96 Articles SARPs – “Standards And Recommended Practices” –18 Annexes PANS or PANS-OPS – “Procedures for Air Navigation Services” –Doc 4444 – Air Traffic Management –Doc 8168 – Vols I and II Regional Supplemental Procedures –Doc 7030

13. ICAO Rules & Regs General Rules - 96 Articles SARPs - 18 Annexes

14. ICAO Rules & Regs PANS-OPS Doc 7030, Regional Supplement

15. Differences from ICAO Directives Doc 4444 –Differences from ICAO procedures must be published in the country’s aeronautical information –ICAO does not need to be notified. Where are differences published? –National “Aeronautical Information Publication” (AIP)

16. In search of.... ICAO Pubs You can subscribe to them: –http://www.icao.int/http://www.icao.int/ $2100 –Per Year OR……

17. In search of.... ICAO Pubs http://dcaa.slv.dk:8000/icaodocs/

18. In Search Of…National AIP FAA’s International Flight Information Manual –http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/pub lications/ifim/country_list/http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/pub lications/ifim/country_list/ Links to AIPs if publicly available

22. ICAO Information for U.S. Military AFI 11-202 V3 AFM 11-217 V1 - chap 18 FLIP Foreign Clearance Guide (FCG) Airfield Suitability and Restrictions Report (ASRR)

23. ICAO Information for U.S. Military FLIP –General Planning (GP) –Area Planning (AP) series (AP/1, AP/2….) –Special Use Airspace (AP/1A, AP/2A) –Flight Information Handbook (FIH) –Enroute Supplements –Charts and Approach plates

24. AFI 11-202 V3 “This AFI is a common source of directives including Air Force-specific guidance, the FARs, and the ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)”. - para 1.1.2 “Specific rules of each individual nation are published in FLIP and FCG”. - para 1.2.1.5 Example…..

25. Can I Exceed 250 kt. Below 10,000’ Outside the U.S.? AFI 11-202 V3, para 5.7.3: Outside the NAS. The PIC will not allow the aircraft to exceed 250 KIAS below 10,000 ft. MSL unless: –Mission requirements dictate and in international airspace. –ICAO or host nation rules permit –Necessary to maintain the minimum safe airspeed (aircraft T.O.) –Required by ATC and permitted by host nation rules. Answer: Yes

26. AFM 11-217 V1 Chapter 18 - ICAO Procedures –Summarizes many ICAO rules: –Bank Angle - 25 vs. 30 degrees –Established on Course –Aircraft Categories  Applied to procedures other than final approach

27. ICAO Aircraft Categories ICAO Doc 8168, Vol I, Part III, Chap. 1

28. ICAO Aircraft Categories - ICAO Doc 8168, Vol I, Part II, Chap. 2 - also in AFM 11-217 V1, Table 18.1

29. AFM 11-217 V1 Screen Height –Standard 16 ft above DER (but how do you know?) Departures –3.3 % climb gradient instead of U.S. 24% ROC Approach Names –LLZ –Many variations Altimetry –More on this later

30. AFM 11-217 V1 Low Altitude Approaches –45/180 and 80/260 –Base Turn –Racetrack Entry Rules –30 degree Entry Sector –Exception: Arrival Routing  STAR, feeder routing, or arrival airway  Blended into the reversal procedure  Protected airspace is provided to allow the turn onto the outbound reversal track. - AFM 11-217 V1, para 18.4.2.2.3.1

31. FLIP General Planning (GP) Area Planning (AP series) Special Use Airspace (AP/A series) Flight Information Handbook (FIH) Enroute Supps Charts & Approach Plates

32. FLIP Theaters Pacific- Australia Antarctica (AP 3/3A) Pacific- Australia Antarctica (AP 3/3A) Eastern Europe and Asia (AP 4/4A) Europe Africa Middle East (AP 2/2A) North and South America (AP 1/1A/1B) General Planning

33. GP - General Planning Chapter 4 – Flight Plans (1801) Chapter 6 – Pilot Procedures –Has some ICAO-specific stuff Chapter 7 - ICAO procedures –Companion to AFM 11-217 V1, Chap 18 Chapter 8 – Operations & Firings Over the High Seas

34. GP - General Planning FIR / UIR – (Flight / Upper) Information Region –Information service, and Air Traffic Control ?? –UIR - similar to FIR – just bigger and higher  May overlay several FIRs CTA / UTA – (Control / Upper Control) Area –Air Traffic Control –Often combined with FIRs –UTA – similar to CTA  May overlay several CTAs

36. GP - General Planning, Chap 8 Oceanic Procedures –Generally – follow ICAO procedures –When not – Due Regard –Territorial Airspace  U.S. recognizes 12 miles –Foreign ADIZ  With / Without entering Territorial Airspace –International Straights / Archepelagic Lanes

37. AP – Area Planning series Includes: –AP/1 - North & South America –AP/2 - Europe, Africa, & Middle East –AP/3 - Pacific, Australia, & Antarctica –AP/4 - Eastern Europe & Asia

38. Example – AP/4

39. AP – Area Planning series Standard Layout: Chap 1 - Theater Chap 2 - Regional Chap 3 - National

40. Example – AP/4

41. AP – Area Planning series Arrangement of Info –(1) Regional/National Procedures –(2) Visual Flight Rules –(3) Instrument Flight Rules –(4) Operational Air Traffic –(5) Flight Planning –(6) Flight Hazards (7) Enroute (8) Terminal (9) Aerial Refueling (10) Bird Hazard Data (11) Additional Information

42. Example - AP/2 - Regions Chapter 2 –Section A – Africa / Indian Ocean –Section B – European –Section C – Middle East / Asia –Section D – North Atlantic

43. AP / “A” Series Special Use Airspace Includes: –AP/1A –AP/2A –AP/3A –AP/4A MOAs, Restricted Areas

44. See AP/2A Special Use Airspace

45. Flight Information Handbook Lost Comm procedures ICAO Distress and Urgency signals Oceanic VHF frequencies USAF Global HF program RVSM contingency procedures Conversion Tables

46. Flight Information Handbook Emergency Procedures Visual Signals Comm Failure –FAA –ICAO Europe –Bahrain –Denmark –France –Germany –Hong Kong –Ireland –Israel –Italy –Japan –Norway –Oman –Philippines –Syria –UK Distress Signals Meteorology Sources Meteorology Services METAR/TAF Codes PIREP Format Conversions FLIP/NOTAM Abbreviations Interception Signals Algeria Cuba Lebanon and Malta South Africa Russia Sweden Taiwan Serbia Position Reports FAA ICAO Oceanic Africa Central & South Ameri ca FSS Phone Numbers RCR equivalents USN/USMC Wave Off Lighting Pilot Controlled Lighting Airfield Lighting (31 systems) HF Global Comm System RVSM Contingencies Frequency Pairings Time Zones Time Hacks Temperature Corrections

47. Enroute Supplement Section B –Airport/Facility Directory Section C –Theater Data / Procedures Some Supps are combined with Approach Books –Example – Eastern Europe & Asia

48. Example – Eastern Europe & Asia

49. FIR / UIR / CTA Enroute Charts Area Planning series (AP/1, AP/2….) –Chapter 3 – National Procedures

50. FCG - Foreign Clearance Guide www.fcg.pentagon.mil 1.General Information Booklet 2.Geographic Area Books 3.Classified Supplement –SIPRnet only

51. FCG - Foreign Clearance Guide

52. FCG – General Info Book

53. FCG - Foreign Clearance Guide General Information Booklet –General Procedural information –Obtaining Clearances: Aircraft, Blanket, and Personnel –International Airspace, International Straits, and Archipelagic Sea Lanes –Airports of Entry

54. FCG - Foreign Clearance Guide Geographic Area Books –FCG “Areas” - different than FLIP and ICAO –Each book starts with general information for that entire “area”. Divided into Five Sections: –General Entry Requirements –Aircraft Entrance Requirements –Personnel Entrance Requirements –Travel Information –Miscellaneous

55. “Due Regard” GP, chap 8 FCG Operational situations that do not lend themselves to ICAO procedures: –Military contingencies, classified, politically sensitive Prerogative of military aircraft PICs operate with “Due Regard for the safety of navigation of civil air traffic” Translation: You are responsible to avoid a midair.

56. “Due Regard” Proper terms - “Due Regard” or “Operational” (Ref. 7110.65, para 1-2-1) –“Tactical” is not the same - although “Tactical” is often used over land and when “required” by ATC. Can only be accomplished in international airspace !!! –Reference GP, Chapter 8 (Operations and Firings Over the High Seas) and the Foreign Clearance Guide (Definitions).

57. “Due Regard” To declare “Due Regard” or “Operational”: –Must operate under one or more of the following: 1. VMC; or 2. Within radar and radio coverage of a surface radar facility; or 3. Have airborne radar sufficient to provide separation between the aircraft and others; or 4.Outside controlled airspace. - International airspace only.

58. “Due Regard” FAA adds: –The appropriate military authority assumes responsibility for Search and Rescue.

59. ICAO Mission Plan Checklist PublicationSectionTitle 1 AFI 11-202 V3 2 AFM 11-217 V1 Chap 18 3General Planning Chap 4 Chap 6 Chap 7 Chap 8 Flight Plans Pilot Procedures ICAO Oceanic 4Flight Info Handbook Various 5Enroute Supplement Sec B Sec C Airfield Directory Theater Data 6Foreign Clearance Guide General Info book Geographic Area book Classified supplement 7AP/series Chap 1 Chap 2 Chap 3 Theater Procedures Regional Data National Procedures 8Enroute Charts 9Approach Procedures

60. Altimetry

61. FL 40 3000 Transition Level Transition Altitude TRANSITION LAYER Not normally used as a cruise altitude by ATC

62. Transition Layer Can ATC assign you an altitude here? Can aircraft cruise or level off here? –No ICAO document directly addresses these questions. –No USAF or FLIP document does, either. AFI 11-217 V1: –Aircraft are not normally assigned altitudes within the Transition Layer FL 403000

63. Transition Layer ICAO Doc 4444: –Transition Level shall be the lowest flight level available for use above the Transition Altitude. –Except when authorized, cruising levels below the minimum flight altitudes shall not be assigned. FL 403000

64. Transition Altitude

65. Transition Altitude and Level

66. Altimetry 3 Altimeter Units: –Inches of Mercury (in) –Millibars (mb) or Hectopascals (hPa) –Millimeters (mm)

67. Altimetry 3 Altimeter Settings: –QNH – altitude above MSL –QFE – height above airport or TH elevation –QNE – flight level  Standard datum: 29.92 in 1013 mb 760 mm

68. Altimetry 2 Altitude Units: – Feet – Meters

69. Weird Altimetry Altitudes in meters: –China –Russia and FSU Altimeter Units in millimeters: –Russia and FSU Altimeter Setting in QFE: –Russia and FSU –United Kingdom

70. Weird Altimetry How do you deal with it? –Convert! –FIH tables – Section D

72. Israel “Altitudes” when flying over land “Flight Levels” when over the water North is Even South is Odd

73. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia Altitudes below the TLV will be given in meters

74. More Vertical Separation Havana -- North is Even, South is Odd New Zealand -- North is Odd, South is Even 030 to 209: OddChile -- 030 to 209: Odd 210 to 029: Even 210 to 029: Even

75. Brunei, India, UK Altitudes by Quadrant: 000 to 089: Odd 090 to 179: Odd + 500’ 180 to 269: Even 270 to 359: Even + 500’

76. FSU and China Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan: East 30 49 69 89 108 128 148 167 187 207 226 246 266 299 331 364 397 West 39 59 79 98 118 138 157 177 197 217 236 256 282 315 348 381 430 China China East 30 49 69 89 108 128 148 167 187 207 226 246 266 295 335 374 etc West 20 39 59 79 98 118 138 157 177 197 217 236 256 276 315 354 394 etc

77. United Kingdom The Transition Altitude is 3000’ except in: Aberdeen CTR6000 Belfast CTR6000 Birmingham CTR4000 Cardiff CTR4000 East Midlands CTR4000 Edinburgh CTR6000 Glasgow CTR6000 Leeds Bradford CTR5000 London TMA6000 Manchester TMA5000 Scottish TMA6000 Solent CTA4000* Sumburgh CTR6000* Teesside CTR6000* * outside normal operating hours, the TA is 3000’

78. The World Beyond

79. Mogadishu airfield Closed to all operations due to potential armed conflict. Safety of aircraft, cargo, and personnel cannot be assured. – AP/2, chap 3

80. Madagascar –Madagascar Gov’t has issued a threat to shoot down any aircraft that enters Madagascar airspace without authorization. – AP/2, chap 3

81. Austria Within some agricultural districts (May to October) in thunderstorms, anti-hail rockets might be fired up to 7000’ MSL. Details by NOTAM. – AP/2, chap 3

82. North/South Korea - DMZ Extreme caution must be exercised to prevent overflight of this area. The majority of aircraft which have penetrated the DMZ area in the past have been fired upon.

83. Europe Exercise extreme caution when using ADF navaids in the European / Mediterranean Region. May get positive station ID and have the ADF needles point to an entirely different station, due to similar frequencies and differing output strengths.

84. Japan At all Japanese military bases you can expect to have quiet hour lunch time delay from 1100-1200L daily. During that period you will not be allowed to takeoff, land, nor run your engines.

85. ICAO Differences ICAO DIFFERENCES

86. ICAO Holding Speeds Doc 8168, Vol 1, Part IV, Chap 1

87. The Procedure Turn in 22 Different Languages

88. Reversal Entry Procedures Must be entered from a track within +/- 30 degrees of the outbound track. Exception: –Arrival routing: STAR, terminal routing, airway

89. 45/180 vs. 80/260 PANS-OPS states that the 80/260 procedure turn is an alternative to the 45/180 unless specifically excluded.

90. ICAO 45/180 vs. 80/260 PANS-OPS 8168, Vol 1, Part III, Chap 3, para 3.3.2.1: –(a) …. the 45/180 procedure turn is an alternative to the 80/260 procedure turn, unless specifically excluded. –(b) …. the 80/260 procedure turn is an alternative to the 45/180 procedure turn, unless specifically excluded.

91. ICAO 45/180 vs. 80/260 AFM 11-217 V1, para 18.1.5: Approaches may be designed using U.S. criteria, PANS-OPS criteria, or host nation criteria that are different from PANS-OPS. Aircraft executing maneuvers other than those intended by the host nation approach design could exceed the boundaries of the protected airspace or may cause overflight of unauthorized areas. All ICAO procedures must be flown as they are depicted.

92. What’s Out There

93. Approach Names

94. Note the SUA

101. Same approach – note visual lead-in lights from MAP

102. Descend in holding, then visual to runway

103. Same thing – except….

105. Glideslope brings you in short of the runway

106. That’s All, Folks