2. AP World Review March 12, 2005 Practically all of this was stolen from other sources: a shout-out to teachers who share their ‘stuff’ on the web

3. Agenda  Information Summary: Foundations Unit  Multiple Choice Exercise  DBQ Review and Partner DOC’s  Practice DBQ Question

4. Six Themes The impact of interaction among major societies. Such as Trade, International Exchange, War, and Diplomacy The Relationship of Change and Continuity across the periods of World History Impact of Technology and Demography on People and the Environment; Including Population change, Manufacturing, Agriculture, etc. Systems of Organization and Gender Structure Cultural and Intellectual Development and Interactions among Societies Change over time in functions and structures of Political States

5. Test Format Exam last 3 Hours and 5 Minutes 55 Minutes for 70 Multiple Choice Questions 50 Minutes for Document Based Question (10 minutes for Reading and Evaluating Documents) 40 Minutes for Change Over Time Essay 40 Minutes for Comparative Essay Question Time Frames –Prehistory to 1000 C.E: 14% of Questions –1000 C.E-1450 C.E: 23 % of Questions –1450 C.E- 1750 C.E: 20% of Questions –1750 C.E- 1914 C.E: 20% of Questions –1914-Present: 23% of Questions

6. Grading 70 Multiple Choice Questions = 1/2 Score Document Based Question = 16.66% of Score Change Over Time Essay = 16.66% of Score Comparative Essay = 16.66% of Score Essays Graded on Scale of 0 to 9

7. Broad Topics addressed in Foundations Unit:  Environment: domesticating plants and animals  Early development of agricultural technology  Basic features: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley Shang China and Meso/South America  The rise and fall of classical civilizations: Zhou and Han China, India (South Asia) {Gupta Empire}, Greece and Rome  Major belief systems: polytheism, animism, Hinduism Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, Christianity

8. Building Blocks of Civilization What is a Civilization? (often called advanced urban society nowadays) –Economic System –Political Organization –Moral Code (Religion with hierarchy) –Written Language (a technological advancement) and Intellectual Tradition –Division of Labor

9. Early Man Beginnings of Humans –Hominids: 3 to 4 million years on earth –Hominids were primates –Earliest Hominids called Australopithecine –Bipeds Other Types of Early Man –Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens

10. Stone Age Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) –Tools were used –Simple Huts –Fire Hunter Gatherer Societies –Family or Clan Groupings –Political Organizations Begin –Art and Music also practiced Agricultural Revolution: Neolithic Revolution –Occurred around end of Great Ice Age –Rapid Population Growth –Need for Change of Food Supply, more standard –New Skills Needed Pastoralism and Agriculture –Begins with Domestication of Plants and Animals

12. Results of Agricultural Revolution Many Diversified Crops developed Development of Communities and Villages –Not Based on family ties –Lead to formation of Cities Early Religions form around Harvest and Planting Seasons: sky religions Specialization of Labor –Improved Tools –Development of Social Classes

15. River Valley Civilizations Mesopotamia –Tigris and Euphrates River Valley –Fertile Crescent: floods were unpredictable –Written Language: Cuneiform –Epic of Gilgamesh –Hammurabi’s Code Egypt –Nile River valley: Upper and Lower Egypt –Inundation: regular flooding Schedule –Monarchy: Pharaoh and Small class of Priests –Duality: Complex Religion, Mummification –Many great Inventions and Advances

18. River Valley Civilizations Indus Valley –Indus and Ganges Rivers –Reason for decline not known: may be soil exhaustion –Highly unified and organized government –Artistic China –Yellow River valley –Shang China: first dynasty –Monarchy –Bronze work, silk making, pottery, jade –Zhou Dynasty: Many Advancements Mandate of heaven

20. Middle East Civilizations Persians –Created one of the largest empires on world history :from Turkey to Lybia –Cyrus the Great was first king, Darius the Great –Advanced Postal System (spies), Roads, Single Currency, and Decentralized Government –Zoroastrianism: Primary Religion –Fell to Alexander the Great Phoenicians –Syria and Lebanon –Advanced Export Economy –Skilled Traders –Established Carthage –First Alphabet

24. Ancient Greece Aegean, Minoan, Mycenaean Civilizations –Trading Societies –Conquest (Trojan war) –Joined into single Culture called Hellenes or Greeks Greek City States: Polis –Athens, Sparta Athens: educated, great thinkers Sparta: Warlike, Soldiers, Military Strength Beginnings of Democracy –Began in Athens –Pericles –Not full enfranchisement –Most representative Government in Ancient World

27. Ancient Greece Peloponnesian War –Conflict between Athens and Sparta –Left Greece Weak –Open to conquest from Persians and then Macedonian “Alexander the Great” Alexander the Great –Great Conqueror, took over Asia, Persian Empire, territory to borderlands of India –Spread Greek Culture throughout Eurasia Hellenic Culture –Science was important, Geometry, physics, mathematics and astronomy –Poetry (Homer), Drama(Sophocles, Aeschyles, Euripedes) Philosophy, (Socrates, Plato)

29. Ancient Rome Roman Republic –Tensions between Plebeians (lower class) and Patrician (upper class) –Beginning of Roman expansion –Punic Wars Three Campaigns against Carthage (for control of Mediterranean Sea Rome was Victorious –Began expanding to the East (Greece, Balkans) Collapse of Roman Republic –Too Much expansion –Caused Social Problems, Civil wars, disease –Solidification of Leadership under single hand Roman empire –Julius Caesar, Octavian (Caesar Agustus)

31. Han Dynasty Strongest and longest dynasty --Confucianist Expansionist Empire –Postal system –Roads –Defensive fortifications Weak Leadership caused collapse –Corruption and leadership issues

35. Similarities between the Fall of Rome and the Fall of the Han Dynasty: 1.Nomadic Invaders 2.Economic Stagnation and Contraction 3.Disease 4.Growing decentralization of the government 5.Loss of faith in the society

36. India Aryans –Nomadic Group invaded India –Earliest Europeans –Conquered the Dravidians (Dark Skinned Indians) –Established Warrior Aristocracy –Established Sanskrit –Vedic and Early Hindu faith Caste System Priests (Brahmins) Warriors and Political Rulers (Kshatruyas) Commoners Servants and Peasants The “Untouchables” –Born into Caste; Cannot be changed

37. India Continued Mauryan empire –Ashoka: famous Emperor –Converted to Buddhism –Collapsed from outside attacks Gupta Empire –Religious toleration –Muslim invaders

41. Religious Traditions: 1.Animism—the belief that all things in the world are infused with spirit. Certain spirits must remain pleased in order to create order in the universe.

42. Religions Judaism –Hebrews –Monotheistic (cultural hearth in Palestine) YAWEH –Covenant-- Islam—a salvation tradition –Founded by Muhammad (cultural hearth in Arabia) –Five Pillars –Allah

44. Religions Continued Christianity—a salvation tradition –Messiah: Jesus (cultural hearlth in Palestine during the Roman Empire) –Evangelical Hinduism (cultural hearth in South Asia) –Bramin, Multiple Gods, Darma, Karma, Reincarnation, Caste System Buddhism—a salvation tradition –4 Noble truths (cultural hearth in South Asia) –8 fold path Daoism (Taoism) (cultural hearth in East Asia) –The Way –Harmony with Nature

45. Consider the shared traits of River Valley Civ.’s Consider the shared traits of Classical Empires Why did Civ.’s fail? Trade? Technology? Patriarchy? Religious Traditions? Environmental concerns