1. Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system?
circulatory
respiratory
nervous
excretory 1 2 3 4 5

2. Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system?
heart
air passageway
blood vessels
blood 1 2 3 4 5

3. The roads of a city are similar to what structures in the circulatory system?
heart
air passageway
blood vessels
blood 1 2 3 4 5

4. In the walls of the heart, the thick layer of muscle is called the
epithelial tissue layer.
pericardium.
connective tissue layer.
myocardium. 1 2 3 4 5

5. Which of the following pathways is the largest of the circulatory system?
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
lymphatic circulation
coronary circulation 1 2 3 4 5

6. Where are the cells that make up the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, located?
right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle 1 2 3 4 5

7. Which is the correct direction of blood flow?
right atrium ® right ventricle ® pulmonary artery
right atrium ® left atrium ® pulmonary artery
left ventricle ® pulmonary artery ® aorta
left ventricle ® left atrium ® aorta 1 2 3 4 5

8. In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the
mitral valve.
tricuspid valve.
septum.
pericardium. 1 2 3 4 5

9. Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins
are thicker.
are thinner.
lack valves.
have more resistance. 1 2 3 4 5

10. Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels?
arteries
veins
lymphatic cells
capillaries 1 2 3 4 5

11. Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
artery
vein
lymphatic cell
capillary 1 2 3 4 5

12. The function of valves in the human circulatory system is to
stimulate the heartbeat.
accelerate the flow of blood.
prevent the backward flow of blood.
serve as a cushion to prevent friction. 1 2 3 4 5

13. Which of the following is NOT an effect of exercise on the body?
Exercise helps control your weight.
Exercise reduces stress.
Exercise makes your heart stronger and more efficient.
Exercise increases the size of veins. 1 2 3 4 5

14. Which of the following is true about blood pressure?
It is not affected by atherosclerosis.
It is lower in veins than in arteries.
It drops a great deal when traveling through arteries.
Diastolic pressure is higher than systolic pressure. 1 2 3 4 5

15. A blood pressure reading of 120/80
indicates a diastolic blood prssure of 120.
is an indication of hypertension in a resting adult.
indicates a systolic blood pressure of 120.
is determined by using a sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure in the veins. 1 2 3 4 5

16. When the heart contracts, it produces a wave of fluid pressure in the
veins.
arteries.
capillaries.
pharynx. 1 2 3 4 5

17. Which organ helps to regulate blood pressure?
spleen
kidney
liver
gall bladder 1 2 3 4 5

18. When the blood pressure is constantly too high, the condition is known as
a heart attack.
hypertension.
atherosclerosis.
a stroke. 1 2 3 4 5

19. When an infection occurs, the number of
red blood cells increases.
red blood cells decreases.
white blood cells increases.
white blood cells decreases. 1 2 3 4 5

20. Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?
red
white
platelets
plasma 1 2 3 4 5

21. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
regulate filtration
regulate body temperature
transport nutrients
fight infection 1 2 3 4 5

22. Which of the following is correct about the composition of plasma?
It is 90 percent water.
It is 50 percent water.
It is 10 percent water.
It contains no water. 1 2 3 4 5

23. How much blood does the human body contain?
1–2 liters
4–6 liters
8–10 liters
12–14 liters 1 2 3 4 5

24. Which plasma proteins help to regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume?
albumins
globulins
fibrinogens
platelets 1 2 3 4 5

25. In Figure 37–1, what does Step B show?
a clot forming
the capillary wall breaking
the clumping of platelets
the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin 1 2 3 4 5

26. Into what substance is fibrinogen converted?
thrombin
fibrin
platelets
thromboplastin 1 2 3 4 5

27. Which of the following is the first step in blood clotting?
Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin.
Platelets release clotting factor.
Fibrin filaments produce a clot.
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin. 1 2 3 4 5

28. Which of the following blood cells contain hemoglobin?
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

29. Swollen lymph nodes might indicate
an infection.
high blood pressure.
varicose veins.
an irregular heartbeat. 1 2 3 4 5

30. Which body system collects the fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system?
integumentary
lymphatic
respiratory
nervous 1 2 3 4 5

31. What is the term used to describe a swelling of the tissues due to the accumulation of excess fluid?
hemophilia
stroke
edema
hypertension 1 2 3 4 5

32. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
collect and return lost fluid to the circulatory system
filter fluid
absorb protein
carry fat-soluble vitamins to the blood 1 2 3 4 5

33. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and air in the lungs is called
systemic circulation.
respiration.
emphysema.
cellular respiration. 1 2 3 4 5

34. Which of the following are signs that a person is breathing?
hearing or feeling air being exhaled from the nose
chest rising and falling
hearing or feeling air being exhaled from the mouth
all of the above 1 2 3 4 5

35. Which of the following activities is the best analogy for respiration?
exchanging gifts
giving a gift
receiving a gift
sitting in a chair 1 2 3 4 5

36. Which of the following statements about lungs is INCORRECT?
They are muscular.
They are elastic.
They are surrounded by pleura.
They are above the diaphragm. 1 2 3 4 5

37. What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?
pharynx
trachea
larynx
bronchus 1 2 3 4 5

38. Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the
nose and mouth.
throat.
lungs.
pharynx. 1 2 3 4 5

39. Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the
alveoli.
bronchioles.
diaphragm.
heart. 1 2 3 4 5

40. Because there is more oxygen in an alveolus than in the blood around it, oxygen diffuses
from capillaries into the veins.
from arteries into the capillaries.
from alveoli into the blood.
from blood into the alveolus. 1 2 3 4 5

41. Generally speaking, what controls breathing?
the brain
the lungs
the diaphragm
the heart 1 2 3 4 5

42. The nicotine in cigarette smoke causes
blood pressure to decrease.
heart rate to increase.
blood pressure to increase.
both b and c. 1 2 3 4 5

43. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer can be caused by
swollen bronchi.
enlarged alveoli.
groups of cancer cells.
smoking. 1 2 3 4 5

44. Which of the following is NOT contained in tobacco smoke?
carbon monoxide
caffeine
nicotine
tar 1 2 3 4 5

45. What gas, found in cigarette smoke, blocks the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin in the blood?
hydrogen peroxide
carbon dioxide
carbon monoxide
sodium bicarbonate 1 2 3 4 5

46. Humans have an open circulatory system. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

47. Flaps of connective tissue called valves are located between the atria and the ventricles. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

48. The lower chamber of each side of the heart, which pumps blood out of the heart, is the atrium. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

49. Except for the aorta, all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

50. The first number of a blood pressure measurement is the diastolic pressure. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

51. If you have “swollen glands,” you actually have swollen lymph nodes
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

52. About 45 percent of the volume of blood consists of plasma
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

53. White blood cells called basophils engulf and digest bacteria
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

54. Lymph nodes act as filters, trapping bacteria and other microorganisms that cause disease. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

55. The process by which oxygen and carbon monoxide are exchanged between cells, the blood, and air in the lungs is known as respiration. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

56. The pharynx is a piece of cartilage that covers the entrance to the trachea when you swallow. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

57. Gas exchange occurs by diffusion across the membrane of an alveolus and a capillary. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

58. At the bottom of the chest cavity is a large, flat muscle known as the pleural membrane. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

59. The brain controls breathing in a center located in the medulla oblongata. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

60. Lung cancer is defined as a loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs. _________________________
True
False 1 2 3 4 5

61. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

62. A circulating fluid called ____________________ is pumped through a system of vessels in the body.1 2 3 4 5
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63. Figure 37–2

64. In Figure 37–2, the area labeled B represents the capillaries of a ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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65. In Figure 37–2, the upper systemic circulation is labeled ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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66. Medical workers use a sphygmomanometer to measure ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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67. Fatty deposits called plaque build up on the walls of arteries, causing a condition known as ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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68. Plasma consists mostly of ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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69. A genetic disorder called ____________________ results from a defective protein in the clotting pathway. 1 2 3 4 5
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70. The iron-containing protein called ____________________ binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where the oxygen is released. 1 2 3 4 5
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71. The phrase “swollen glands” refers to swelling of the _________________________.1 2 3 4 5
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72. At the cellular level, respiration is defined as the release of ____________________ from the breakdown of molecules in food in the presence of oxygen. 1 2 3 4 5
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73. Inhaled air passes from the trachea to one of the two ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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74. Your ability to sing, shout, and speak comes from two highly elastic folds of tissues called the vocal cords, located within the ____________________. 1 2 3 4 5
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75. Breathing is such an important function that your ____________________ system will not let you have complete control over it. 1 2 3 4 5
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76. The alveoli of the lungs are surrounded by ____________________.1 2 3 4 5
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77. Carbon monoxide blocks the transport of ____________________ by hemoglobin in the blood.1 2 3 4 5
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78. Why do larger organisms need a circulatory system?1 2 3 4 5
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79. What are the three parts of the circulatory system?1 2 3 4 5
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80. Figure 37–2

81. Based on Figure 37–2, what three blood vessels carry oxygen-poor blood?1 2 3 4 5
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82. Identify and compare the functions of the three types of blood vessels of the circulatory system.1 2 3 4 5
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83. What is blood pressure? 1 2 3 4 5
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84. What health problems can occur as a result of hypertension?1 2 3 4 5
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85. Describe blood plasma. 1 2 3 4 5
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86. List the main functions of the three types of blood cells.1 2 3 4 5
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87. If the lymphatic system did not function, what would be the immediate effects on the human body?1 2 3 4 5
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88. What is the basic function of the human respiratory system?1 2 3 4 5
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89. List in order the structures of the respiratory system through which air passes from the outside environment to the alveoli. 1 2 3 4 5
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90. What is the function of the sternum?1 2 3 4 5
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91. In what stage of breathing is the total volume of the chest cavity largest?1 2 3 4 5
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92. Are the ribs raised or lowered after you exhale?1 2 3 4 5
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93. Name and describe three respiratory diseases that can be caused by smoking.1 2 3 4 5
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94. Describe the function of each of the following: (a) the muscular walls of the large arteries, (b) the valves in the veins, and (c) the valves in the heart. 1 2 3 4 5
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95. Using a road transportation analogy, describe the three different types of blood vessels.1 2 3 4 5
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96. How does the body regulate blood pressure?1 2 3 4 5
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97. Identify the percentages of living cells and plasma that make up the volume of blood in the human body, and describe what plasma consists of. 1 2 3 4 5
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98. How do white blood cells guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria?1 2 3 4 5
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99. What is the lymphatic system and what are its functions?1 2 3 4 5
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100. Compare cellular respiration with respiration.1 2 3 4 5
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101. Why is it better to inhale through your nose than through your mouth?1 2 3 4 5
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102. Why can’t a person hold a breath long enough to harm oneself from a lack of oxygen?1 2 3 4 5
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103. Why do many smokers cough a lot?1 2 3 4 5
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