1. Dr. Tiffany N. Lee, BS, DC, FASA
HS130 Anatomy & Physiology II Unit 9 Reproductive Systems and Growth &Development
Dr. Tiffany N. Lee, BS, DC, FASA

2. Seminar Outline Questions about Final Project Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Prenatal Period
Fertilization, implantation, and development
Parturition
Stages of Labor
Post Natal Period
Stages of life
Effects of Aging
Various organ systems

3. Male Reproductive System
Function
Produce, store, and ultimately introduce mature sperm into female reproductive tract
Organs
Essential
Accessory

4. Essential Organs Gonads: Testes Page 494
Function: Spermatogenesis and testosterone production
Seminiferous tubules: sperm develop in walls
Interstitial cells: release testosterone
Page 494

5. Spermatogenesis Spermatogonium Daughter Cell 1° spermatocyte
Spermatid
Spermatozoa (Sperm)
Acrosome
Page 496

6. Case Study
A friend of yours who has four children is considering a vasectomy, an operation in which the ductus deferens are cut and tied off to prevent the passage of sperm through the reproductive ducts, thus preventing fertilization. However, your friend has concerns. He asks you, “Will this completely stop the process of ejaculation?” How should you reply?

7. Accessory Organs Reproductive Ducts: Page 494 Epididymus
Ductus (Vas) Deferens
Ejaculatory Duct
Urethra
Page 494

8. Accessory Organs Sex Glands Seminal vesicles Prostate gland
Source of energy for motile sperm using fructose
Prostate gland
Helps activate sperm and maintain motility
Bulbourethral gland
Neutralize acidic urine residue
Lubricate urethra to prevent friction

9. Accessory Organs External Genitalia Page 494 Penis Scrotum
Corpus spongiosum
Corpora cavernosa
Glans
Scrotum
Sac containing testis, epididymis, part of ductus deferens and spermatic cords
Page 494

10. Hormone Testosterone Masculinization
Promote and maintain accessory organs
Protein anabolism

11. Female Reproductive System
Function
Produce ova, receive sperm, and permit fertilization
Organs
Essential
Gonads: Ovaries
Function: oogenesis and production of estrogen & progesterone
Accessory

12. Oogenesis Ovarian follicles (containing oocytes) 1° follicles
Graafian follicle (mature follicle)
**After ovulation, follicle becomes corpus luteum
Page 503

13. Accessory Organs Reproductive Ducts & Organs Page 504 Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Page 504

14. Case Study
A 30-year-old woman with normal menstrual periods has a total hysterectomy. Would she still ovulate? Would she still have menses?

15. Accessory Organs Sex Glands Bartholin’s glands Breast
Lubricating fluid
Breast
Mammary glands

16. Accessory Organs External Genitalia (Vulva) Page 507 Mons Pubis
Clitoris
Orifice of Urethra
Labia minora
Hymen
Orifice, duct of Bartholin’s glands
Orifice of vagina
Labia Majora
Page 507

17. Hormones Estrogen Progesterone Maturation of reproductive organs
Secondary sexual characteristics (ex. pubic hair)
Body Contours
Initiate menstrual cycle
Progesterone
Proliferation and vascularization of lining of uterus

18. Menstrual Cycle Divided into (3) phases: Page 508 Menses:
shedding of uterine lining
Proliferative phase:
after menses until ovulation
High levels of estrogen
Secretory phase:
Ovulation to menses
High levels of progesterone
Page 508

19. Menstrual Cycle Regulation
Day 1 to 7, FSH secreted, immature ovarian follicle secretes estrogen
As estrogen increases, LH increases, which matures the ovum, marks ovulation, and lutenization
Sharp, sudden decrease in estrogen & progesterone cause menstrual period
Page 509

20. Prenatal Period Begins from time of fertilization to time of birth
Fertilization often occurs in the outer one-third of the oviduct
Zygote= fertilized ovum
Morula = 3 days after fertilization
Blastocyst = once it has reached the uterus
Implantation in 10 days
Page 523

21. Prenatal Period Periods of Development Primary germ layers
Embryonic phase: 3rd week of fertilization until the end of the 8th week
Fetal phase: 9th week to 39th week
Primary germ layers
Endoderm: inside
Lining of organs
Thyroid gland
Mesoderm: middle
Muscle
Bones
Circulatory system
Ectoderm: outer
Brain and spinal cord
Epidermis of skin

22. Page 529

23. Birth or Parturition Stages of Labor Stage 1 (6-24hrs)
Dilation of the cervix
Stage 2 (minutes to 1 hr)
Baby exits vagina
Stage 3 (15 minutes after delivery of baby)
Expulsion of placenta from vagina

24. Postnatal Period Infancy Childhood Adolescence
Birth to 18 months
Childhood
Infancy to sexual maturity or puberty
Adolescence
Usually years of age
Adulthood and Older adulthood
Page 533

25. Effects of Aging Skeletal System Integumentary System Urinary System
Osteoarthritis
Integumentary System
Wrinkles
Urinary System
Incontinence
Respiratory System
Respiratory insufficiency
Cardiovascular system
atherosclerosis
Special Senses
Vision and hearing issues
Page 537