1. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 LECTURE 7

2. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 Introduction to Peace Theology. This course will help the students to appreciate and to evaluate a biblical understanding and contemporary practice of Peace Theology. Such evaluation will be done within the framework of social sciences and informed from the perspective of biblical theology. The students will be intellectually, emotionally, and volitionally involved in the current discussions on the meanings, proposals, and tasks of Peace Theology.

3. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 TOWARDS A TANAKH THEOLOGY OF SOCIO-POLITICAL TRANSFORMATION

4. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 Harmony with God (Spiritual Transformation) PEACE THEOLOGY THE PEACE OF GOD IS CENTRAL TO THE GOOD NEWS Harmony with Others (Social-Political Transformation) Harmony with the Creation (Economic-Ecological Transformation) Harmony with the Self (Psycho-Social Transformation) PEACEBUILDING=SHALOMLIVING

5. PEACEBUILDING IS SHALOMLIVING SHALOM-LIVING IS A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY ShalomLiving encompasses, generates, and sustains the full array of processes, approaches, and stages needed to transform conflict toward more sustainable, peaceful relationships. SHALOM-LIVING IS A DYNAMIC TRANSFORMATION ShalomLiving is not merely seen as a stage in time or a condition. It is a dynamic transformation and requires a process of continuous building. It needs investment and materials, architectural design and coordination of labor, laying of a foundation, detailed finish work, as well as continuing maintenance. SHALOM-LIVING INVOLVES WIDE RANGE OF ACTIVITIES ShalomLiving involves a wide range of activities and functions that both precede and follow formal peace accords. Such activities include conflict transformation, military intervention and conversion, governance and policymaking, restorative and transitional justice, environmental protection, human rights, civilian and military peacekeeping, peace education, activism and advocacy, trauma healing, and social-economic development.

6. ACTORS TO PEACEBUILDING LEVEL 1: TOP LEADERSHIP LEVEL 2: MIDDLE-RANGE LEADERSHIP LEVEL 3: GRASSROOTS LEADERSHIP :: Focus on high-level negotiations :: Emphasizes ceasefire :: Led by highly visible, single mediator :: Problem-solving workshops :: Training in conflict resolution :: Peace Commissions :: Insider-partial teams :: Local Peace Commissions :: Grassroots training :: Prejudice reduction :: Psycho-social work in post-war trauma AFFECTED POPULATION FEW MANY ACTORSACTIONS

7. SYSTEM SUB-SYSTEM RELATIONSHIP ISSUE DESIGN OF SOCIAL CHANGE 5-10 yrs DESIREDFUTURE 10-25+ yrs LEVEL OF RESPONSE TIME FRAME OF ACTIVITY AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR PEACEBUILDING ROOT CAUSES What are the root causes of the crisis? VISION What are the social structures and relationships we desire? TRANSFORMATION How do we get from crisis to desired change? CRISIS MANAGEMENT How do we manage the immediate crisis? PREVENTION How do we prevent the crisis from recurring? John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies (USIP, Wash., DC, 1997, p. 80) CRISIS INTER- VENTION 6 wks-1 yr PREPARATION AND TRAINING 1-5 yrs

8. Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce recources, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals. CONFLICT

9. TRANSFORMATION …is to envision and respond to the ebb and flow of social conflict as life-giving opportunities for creating constructive change processes that reduce violence, increase justice in direct interaction and social structures, and respond to real-life problems in human relationships.

10. CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT RESOLUTION Social processes focused on solving specific issues or cases affecting Conflict Transformation. It's the smaller picture that affects the bigger picture. CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION Processes of change in relationships... towards reconciliation... continuous... life-time process... It's the big picture.

11. CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONTINUUM LEGISLATIVE JUDICIAL APPROACHES ARBITRATION MEDIATION FACILITATION CONCILIATION NEGOTIATION INFORMALDISCUSSION & PROBLEM SOLVING EXTERNALINFLUENCE TO THE PROCESS AND OUTCOME PARTIES’ CONTROL OF PROCESS AND OUTCOME

12. MANAGING CONFLICT ENERGY CONFLICT ENERGY EXPRESSEDCONSTRUCTIVELYEXPRESSEDDESTRUCTIVELYREPRESSEDSUPPRESSED VIOLENCE CONFLICT CONTINUES LOST OPPORTUNITY FOR GOOD RESULT PERSONAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE RESENTMENT AND INJUSTICES INCREASE

13. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 PROCESS OF RECONCILIATION Reconciliation is focused on building relationship between antagonists. Reconciliation is a place, a locus, a space created for encounter by the parties. Reconciliation is a great biblical-theological concept and a practical course of action.

14. POSITIONS AND INTERESTS POSITION POSITION INTERESTS

15. HOW CONFLICT TRANSFORMS A COMMUNITY 7. POLARIZATION Change in social organization 6. ANTAGONISM Hostility 5. EYE FOR AN EYE Reaction & escalation 4. NEGATIVE TRIANGLE Talk negatively about, not with 3. ISSUE PROLIFERATION From specific to general 2. SHIFT FROM DISAGREEMENT TO PERSONAL ANTAGONISM Person seen as problem 1. PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION P P= =P P P P P P MORE VIOLENCE LESS TRUST LESS ACCURATE COMMUNICATIONLESS DIRECT CONTACT DESTRUCTIVE CONSTRUCTIVE _

16. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 4. NEGATIVE TRIANGLE Talk negatively about, not with THE JOURNEY TOWARDS RECONCILIATION 4. POSITIVE TRIANGLE Talk positively about, not with 7. POLARIZATION Change in social organization 6. ANTAGONISM Hostility 5. EYE FOR AN EYE Reaction & escalation 3. ISSUE PROLIFERATION From specific to general 2. SHIFT FROM DISAGREEMENT TO PERSONAL ANTAGONISM Person seen as problem 1. PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem CASE NEEDS INTERVENTION P =P P P P P P LESS VIOLENCE MORE TRUST MORE ACCURATE COMMUNICATION MORE DIRECT CONTACT DESTRUCTIVE CONSTRUCTIVE 7. CEASEFIRE Realize effects of violence 6. MONITOR CEASEFIRE Seek mediation 5. AGREE TO NEGOTIATE Proactive de-escalation M + 3. ISSUE CLARIFICATION From general to specific 2. SHIFT FROM PERSONAL ANTAGONISM TO DISAGREEMENT Person not seen as problem P P= P M M M M M 1. STICK WITH PROBLEM-SOLVING Disagree but share problem

17. REFLECTION: THE HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF MY ENEMY