1. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 LECTURE 11

2. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 Introduction to Peace Theology. This course will help the students to appreciate and to evaluate a biblical understanding and contemporary practice of Peace Theology. Such evaluation will be done within the framework of social sciences and informed from the perspective of biblical theology. The students will be intellectually, emotionally, and volitionally involved in the current discussions on the meanings, proposals, and tasks of Peace Theology.

3. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 CRITICAL NT ISSUES & HISTORICAL JESUS SCHOLARSHIP: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

4. Alienation from God (Spiritual Separation) ALIENATION OF HUMANITY SIN = MISSING THE MARK OF SHALOM Alienation from Others (Social-Political Corruption) Alienation from the Creation (Economic-Ecological Disintegration) Alienation from the Self (Psycho-Social Despair) SELFEXALTING=UNSHALOMEXISTENCE

5. Harmony with God (Spiritual Transformation) PEACE OF GOD HEBREW SHALOM ; GREEK IRENE Harmony with Others (Social-Political Transformation) Harmony with the Creation (Economic-Ecological Transformation) Harmony with the Self (Psycho-Social Transformation) PEACEBUILDING=SHALOMLIVING

6. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 CRITIQUE OF THE HISTORICAL-CRITICAL NEW TESTAMENT SCHOLARSHIP The modern historical-critical scholars—and their claim to scientific, value-neutral, disinterested or disengaged approaches to historiography—need to be called into question. Does an extra-discursive, raceless, disinterested, genderless observer really exist? At the outset, the researcher's subjectivity shapes and influences the questions asked and the identification of problems. In any historical reconstruction, the socio-cultural location and experience of every researcher is a variable—a heuristically-valuable variable.

7. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 CRITIQUE OF THE HISTORICAL-CRITICAL NEW TESTAMENT SCHOLARSHIP The modern historical-critical scholars—and their claim to scientific, value-neutral, disinterested or disengaged approaches to historiography—need to be called into question. Does an extra-discursive, raceless, disinterested, genderless observer really exist? At the outset, the researcher's subjectivity shapes and influences the questions asked and the identification of problems. In any historical reconstruction, the socio-cultural location and experience of every researcher is a variable—a heuristically-valuable variable.

8. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 ISSUES SURROUNDING HISTORICAL JESUS SCHOLARSHIP CANNOT BE AVOIDED We are faced with the challenges of political-economic injustices, ecological crises, and pluralism in the context of globalization. This is the context where historians are called to struggle with the reconstruction of the history of Jesus of Nazareth.

9. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 AN EVANGELICAL JESUS SCHOLARSHIP WITHOUT BIAS? The subjectivity of the Historical-Jesus researchers and scholars, even if they are labeled as Evangelicals, must be acknowledged as a significant variable in the language, concepts and theories employed in classifying and explaining evidences. A number of oppressive structures in our world today have been supported, wittingly or unwittingly, by Evangelicals, in the name of Jesus!

10. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 NEUTRAL VIEW OF HISTORICAL JESUS? Historical-Jesus research cannot be neutral about the issues of injustice, sufferings, and oppression. Because of this we have to take notice of the "epistemic challenge of marginalized perspective"—that is, the way in which women, the poor, blacks and oppressed peoples are systematically written out of the historical record by, and because of, supposedly neutral and 'scientific' historiography. William E. Arnal and Michel Desjardins, eds. Whose Historical Jesus? (Studies in Christianity and Judaism, 7; Ontario, Canada: Canadian Corporation for the Studies in Religion, 1997), p. 3.

11. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 BRIEF HISTORY OF HISTORICAL JESUS RESEARCH First Quest or The Old Quest: 1778 –1906. HERMANN SAMUEL REIMARUS DAVID FREIDRICH STRAUSS ERNEST RENAN WILLIAM WREDE The philosophical presupposition of "The First Quest" was that of the Enlightenment epistemology.

12. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 BRIEF HISTORY OF HISTORICAL JESUS RESEARCH No Quest: 1906-1953. ALBERT SCHWEITZER RUDOLF BULTMANN Schweitzer’s and Bultmann's views of knowledge were still influenced by Immanuel Kant's noumena-phenomena construct of reality. Both of them have admitted that, on the phenomenological level, Jesus cannot be known. Both of them also affirmed that, on the level of the noumena, the Christ of Faith or Jesus the Word can be encountered.

13. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 BRIEF HISTORY OF HISTORICAL JESUS RESEARCH Second Quest or The New Quest: 1953-1988. ERNST KÄSEMANN GÜNTHER BORNKAMM Both Käsemann and Bornkamm, during this period of the "New Quest," brought balance to the discussion on the epistemology behind the Historical-Jesus project. Historical knowledge is not an either-or proposition in terms of objectivism and subjectivism; it is a both-and relationship between the subject and the object.

14. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 BRIEF HISTORY OF HISTORICAL JESUS RESEARCH Third Quest: 1988-Present. N.T. WRIGHT :: MARCUS BORG :: GERD THEISSEN :: BERNARD B. SCOTT :: ROBERT FUNK :: DOMINIC CROSSAN :: WILLIAM R. HERZOG II Despite these enormous body of research on the Historical Jesus, we are still confronted with more questions…as we face the 21 st century search for the Historical Jesus: What criteria can be applied to ensure the historical reliability of the materials used to depict Jesus? What controls prevent the enterprise from degenerating into total subjectivity and arbitrary speculation? How does one move from the evaluation of the individual units of tradition to a larger gestalt? What is the relationship between the parts and the whole? William R. Herzog II, Jesus, Justice, and the Reign of God: A Ministry of Liberation (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 2000), pp. 35-36.

15. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 JESUS AND THE VICTORY OF GOD Volume II of Christian Origins and the Question of God. London: SPCK, 1996 What was Jesus' message? How did Jesus see Himself in relation to other Jewish leaders and groups of his time? How does the work of Jesus relate to the rise of the church?

16. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 RECOVERING JESUS: THE WITNESS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT Thomas R. Yoder Neufeld Which one is the Real Jesus? Jesus as reconstructed on the basis of strict historical investigation? Jesus as believed in the Christian community based on their creeds and statements of faith? Look again at the NT both as a historical source and as a source of our creed.

17. YHWH PEACE THEOLOGY 101 HEBREW UNDERSTANDING OF THE TETRAGRAMMATON hwh y hyh From the verb “to be”

18. PEACE THEOLOGY 101 LOOKING AT PEACE IN SEVERAL LAYERS SUPPRESSION OF CONFLICT MILITARYPOLITICALECONOMICRELIGIOUS PAX ROMANA UNJUST GLOBALISM JUSTPEACE THE HIGHEST FORM OF PEACE ACHIEVABLE BY HUMAN BEINGS SALAM SHALOM THE PEACE OF GOD -- THE KIND THAT TRANSCENDS UNDERSTANDING TRANFORMATIVE ENGAGEMENT INEVITABLE PRESENCE OF KOSMOS

19. MANAGING CONFLICT ENERGY CONFLICT ENERGY EXPRESSEDCONSTRUCTIVELYEXPRESSEDDESTRUCTIVELYREPRESSEDSUPPRESSED VIOLENCE CONFLICT CONTINUES LOST OPPORTUNITY FOR GOOD RESULT PERSONAL, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL CHANGE RESENTMENT AND INJUSTICES INCREASE

20. SYSTEM SUB-SYSTEM RELATIONSHIP ISSUE DESIGN OF SOCIAL CHANGE 5-10 yrs DESIREDFUTURE 10-25+ yrs LEVEL OF RESPONSE TIME FRAME OF ACTIVITY AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR PEACEBUILDING ROOT CAUSES What are the root causes of the crisis? VISION What are the social structures and relationships we desire? TRANSFORMATION How do we get from crisis to desired change? CRISIS MANAGEMENT How do we manage the immediate crisis? PREVENTION How do we prevent the crisis from recurring? John Paul Lederach, Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies (USIP, Wash., DC, 1997, p. 80) CRISIS INTER- VENTION 6 wks-1 yr PREPARATION AND TRAINING 1-5 yrs