1. Coordination & Subordination
Important to Sentence Structuring

2. Definition Reflect relationships between ideas being expressed.
Coordination shows the EQUALITY of ideas.
Subordination shows the value of one idea over the other.

3. Example The sky turned dark gray. The wind died down. COORDINATION:
The sky turned dark gray, and the wind died down.
SUBORDINATION 1 & 2:
As the sky turned dark gray, the wind died down. (Focus: the wind.)
As the wind died down, the sky turned dark gray. (Focus: the sky.)

4. What is sentence coordination?
Two or more INDEPENDENT CLAUSES are equivalent or balanced.
Example:
The sky turned brighter, and people emerged happily from buildings.
The sky turned brighter; people emerged happily from buildings.

5. Coordinate sentence = Compound sentence
Independent Clause/Meaning Conveyed:
, and
, but
, yet
, for
, or
, nor
, so ;
addition F A N B O Y S
mean contrast
reason or choice
a choice
negative choice
result or effect

6. Choosing a Coordination
The IDEAS must be related or equivalent!
Exercises 9-3/page 222

7. What is sentence subordination?
Important idea
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
Less Important Idea - Subordinate
DEPENDENT CLAUSE
Page 223 / 9J

8. The Structure of a Subordinate Sentence
Start with a Dependent Clause with a subordinating conjunction OR
Relative Pronoun (who, which, that)
Example:
If they are very lucky, the passengers may glimpse dolphins breaking water playfully near the ship.
Pandas are solitary animals, which means they are difficult to protect from extinction.
QUICK REFERENCE – 9.f

9. Types of Dependent Clauses
Adverb Clause, independent clause.
After the sky grew dark, the wind died suddenly.
Independent Clause, Adverb Clause
Birds stopped singing, as they do during an eclipse.
Adverb/Adjective Clauses - Quick Reference 9.1/page 224
Exercise 9-4/page 225

10. What is a Sentence?
Sentence Fragments

11. Sentence Fragments
Looks like a sentence, but is only part of a sentence. A sentence needs an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE! Examples: Page 378 Quick Reference 19.1 A sentence requires a Subject/Predicate (Verb)/Independent Clause Quick Reference 14.9

12. Fragments w/Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions – Quick Reference 14.7.
Frequently used:
After
Although
Because
Before If
Unless
When
EXERCISE 19-4/page 388.