1. Unit 1 Structure of Matter Test Preparation

2. True/False
The volume of a gas can be measured with a graduated cylinder.

3. Volumes of solids can be expressed in liters or milliliters

4. Weight and mass are the same thing.

5. Changing the temperature of a gas has no effect on the volume of the gas.

6. Pressure in a gas-filled container is caused by gas particles hitting the walls of the container.

7. Compounds cannot be broken down by any means.

8. Compounds can be broken down only by chemical means.

9. Heating can break down some compounds.

10. Which of the following statements is true about an object’s weight but NOT about its mass?
a. It may vary depending on the object’s location.
b. It is a measure of the amount of matter in the object.
c. It is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g).
d. It would be the same on the moon as it is on Earth.

11. What happens to a solid object with a density that is less than water when it is placed in water?
a. The object sinks about halfway into the water.
b. The object displaces a quantity of water greater than its volume.
c. The object settles to the bottom of the water.
d. The object floats on top of the water.

12. Which of the following is NOT the result of a chemical change?
a. soured milk c. ground flour
b. rusted metal d. digested food

13. What makes characteristic properties useful to scientists?
a. They can be either physical or chemical.
b. They can be used to identify matter.
c. They are easy to observe and measure.
d. Sample size does not matter.

14. Which of the following units would be best for describing the volume of mercury (liquid) used in an experiment?
a. grams or kilograms c. liters or milliliters
b. meters or centimeters d. newtons

15. The motion of a 150 g ball is more difficult to change than the motion of a 50 g ball because the 150 g ball has
a. less weight than the 50 g ball. c. more mass than the 50 g ball.
b. greater density than the 50 g ball. d. larger volume than the 50 g ball.

16. How does a physical change differ from a chemical change?
a. New properties of the matter are observed.
b. New materials are produced.
c. The change always involves heat or light.
d. The composition of the matter is unchanged.

17. Which of the following would be the easiest to start moving?
a. a cart loaded with two potatoes
b. an empty cart with no potatoes
c. a cart loaded with many sacks of potatoes
d. a cart with one potato

18. Which of the following signs does NOT indicate that a chemical change has happened?
a. change in state
b. change in color or odor
c. foaming or bubbling
d. production of heat or light

19. Why is freezing water to make ice considered a physical change?
a. The ice has some new properties. c. The water changes its state.
b. The ice floats on water. d. The water changes its identity

20. Why would dissolving salt in water be considered a physical change?
a. The salt disappears forever.
b. The water tastes salty.
c. The salt changes its state.
d. The salt returns if the mixture is heated.

21. Why would molding clay be considered a physical change?
a. The clay changes only its shape.
b. The clay changes in composition.
c. The clay changes only its state of matter.
d. The clay changes its identity.

22. What makes chemical properties so difficult to observe?
a. They result in changes of state.
b. Observing them produces new materials.
c. Wearing protective glasses is required.
d. They happen too quickly

23. How can you tell that baking a cake produces a chemical change?
a. It produces changes of state in the ingredients.
b. It combines the ingredients to form new substances.
c. It causes changes that are not reversible.
d. It changes physical properties such as color and odor.

24. How can you tell that the electrolysis of water produces a chemical change?
a. It is a reversible reaction.
b. It produces a change of state.
c. It requires heat to produce changes.
d. It changes the composition of matter.

25. In a solid, the particles
a. overcome the strong attraction between them.
b. vibrate in place.
c. slide past one another.
d. move independently of one another.

26. Crystalline solids
a. include glass and rubber.
b. may also be liquids.
c. have particles that are not in a special arrangement.
d. have particles in a repeating pattern of rows.

27. Orange juice
a. has a surface tension that is different from gasoline.
b. changes volume when poured into a different container.
c. has the same viscosity as other liquids.
d. has a definite shape.

28. Boyle’s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure for a fixed amount of
a. a solid. c. a gas.
b. a liquid. d. any type of matter.

29. Which of these factors could affect the temperature at which water boils?
a. the volume of water in the pot
b. the atmospheric pressure at which the water is heated
c. the amount of energy added to the water
d. the type of fuel used to heat the water

30. A drop of vinegar will flow and spread out but a drop of vegetable oil will form a bead. This is evidence that
a. vegetable oil has a lower surface tension and lower viscosity than vinegar.
b. vinegar has a lower surface tension and lower viscosity than vegetable oil.
c. vegetable oil has a lower surface tension and higher viscosity than vinegar.
d. vinegar has a lower surface tension and higher viscosity than vegetable oil.

31. The melting point of salt is the same as its
a. boiling point. c. freezing point.
b. condensation point. d. sublimation point.

32. In order for carbon dioxide gas to enter the air from dry ice, the dry ice must
a. gain energy. c. increase in pressure.
b. boil. d. undergo an exothermic change.

33. Which of the following statement is NOT true of all different types of matter?
a. They are made up of atoms and molecules.
b. The particles that make them up are always in motion.
c. They are made up of extremely small particles.
d. The particles that make them up move at the same speed.

34. Boyle’s law explains the relationship between volume and pressure for
a. a small amount of a gas.
b. a large amount of a liquid.
c. a fixed amount of a gas.
d. a fixed amount of a liquid.

35. When two or more elements join together chemically,
a. a compound is formed.
b. a mixture is formed.
c. a substance that is the same as the elements is formed.
d. the physical properties of the substances remain the same.

36. The physical properties of compounds do NOT include
a. melting point.
b. density.
c. reaction to light.
d. color.

37. How do elements join to form compounds?
a. randomly c. in a ratio of 1 to 8
b. in a specific mass ratio d. as the scientist plans it

38. What is a solid solution of a metal or nonmetal dissolved in a metal?
a. suspension c. colloid
b. alloy d. compound

39. What is true about particles in both solutions and colloids?
a. Particles cannot scatter light. c. Particles are soluble.
b. Particles can settle out. d. Particles cannot be filtered.

40. One way to learn about the properties of a(n) ____________________ substance is to observe what new substances form during a reaction.

41. A chemical ____________________ describes the process by which new substances are formed.

42. The amount of matter in an object is its ____________________.

43. The SI unit for mass is the ____________________.

44. The way a balloon decreases in volume when the temperature is decreased illustrates ____________________.

45. In a(n) ____________________ change, energy is added to a substance.

46. The amount of space that an object takes up is its ____________________.

47. A state of matter with fixed volume, but not a fixed shape, is a ____________________.

48. If hydrogen peroxide is exposed to light, a ____________________ will result.

49. If a spoonful of salt is mixed in a glass of water, the salt is the ____________________.

50. Match each item with the correct statement. a. centrifuge. f
Match each item with the correct statement. a. centrifuge f. suspension b. solute g. distillation c. solvent h. solution d. colloid i. concentration e. mixture j. solubility

51. combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

52. homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase

53. substance that dissolves in a solvent

54. substance in which a solute dissolves

55. amount of a substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore

56. ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure

57. mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas

58. mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions

59. process that separates a mixture based on the boiling points of the components

60. machine that separates mixtures by the densities of the components

61. Short Answer
Explain why compounds are considered pure substances.

62. Essay Questions
After a tree is cut with a chain saw, it is impossible to put the tiny wood chips back together. The process cannot be reversed. Does this mean that cutting trees with a chain saw causes a chemical change in the wood? Explain why or why not.

63. Explain why more time is required to boil pasta in Denver, Colorado, than in New Orleans, Louisiana.

64. To create special effects for movies and television shows, technicians often pour water over solid carbon dioxide, also called dry ice. What effect does this produce? Explain your answer.

65. On Thanksgiving Day a big parade is held in New York City with many giant helium-filled balloons. How will the weather affect the inflation of the balloons? Explain your answer.