1. Political Issues of the Gilded Age

2. Political Machines Political Machines Organized group that controlled a political party in a city Organized group that controlled a political party in a city Provided political favors in exchange for support Provided political favors in exchange for support Promise of jobs and other help was very appealing to immigrants Promise of jobs and other help was very appealing to immigrants

3. Voter Fraud Voter Fraud Graft Graft Kickbacks Kickbacks

5. One Man One Vote? One Man One Vote?

8. Tammany Hall New York City New York City “Boss” Tweed “Boss” Tweed

11. Politics in the “Gilded Age” Enormous wealth, political corruption, widespread poverty Politics in the “Gilded Age” Enormous wealth, political corruption, widespread poverty Reformers (mugwumps, halfbreeds) wanted: Reformers (mugwumps, halfbreeds) wanted: –Merit system for government jobs –End of patronage –Australian ballot “Stalwarts” wanted: “Stalwarts” wanted: –Spoils system to continue

12. 1880 James Garfield (R) is elected President Reformer Reformer V.P. is Chester A. Arthur V.P. is Chester A. Arthur 1881 – Garfield is assassinated by the “stalwart of the stalwarts” 1881 – Garfield is assassinated by the “stalwart of the stalwarts” Arthur becomes President Arthur becomes President

13. 1883 – Pendleton Act Most govt. jobs earned on merit by passing an exam Most govt. jobs earned on merit by passing an exam How would politicians now get funds that they used to get from public employees? How would politicians now get funds that they used to get from public employees?

14. “Assassination can be no more guarded against than death by lightning” - Garfield

16. Elections of ’84, ’88, ‘92 ’84 – Cleveland (D) defeats Blaine (R) ’84 – Cleveland (D) defeats Blaine (R) ’88 – Harrison (R) defeats Cleveland ’88 – Harrison (R) defeats Cleveland ’92 – Cleveland defeats Harrison ’92 – Cleveland defeats Harrison

18. Issues of the Gilded Age Issues of the Gilded Age

19. 16-1 Segregation and Social Tensions

20. Loss of African – American Voting Rights Poll Tax Poll Tax Literacy Tests Literacy Tests Grandfather Clause Grandfather Clause

21. Jim Crow Laws

22. Plessy vs. Ferguson

23. Booker T. Washington Live with segregation Live with segregation Tuskegee Institute Tuskegee Institute –Vocations

24. W.E.B. Du Bois End segregation NOW End segregation NOW Access to education Access to education

25. Ida Wells Anti-lynching editorials Anti-lynching editorials

26. Chinese Exclusion Act Prevented Chinese laborers from entering U.S. Prevented Chinese laborers from entering U.S.

27. Mexican Americans Many lost land following Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo Many lost land following Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo

28. Women Denied the right to vote despite the 14 th and 15 th Amendments Denied the right to vote despite the 14 th and 15 th Amendments

29. Farmers and the Populist Movement

30. Enemies of the farmer: Mother Nature Mother Nature –drought The Banks The Banks –High interest on their debts The Railroads The Railroads –High prices to ship their products

31. Farmers Unite! The Grange The Grange Farmer’s Alliances Farmer’s Alliances “Strength in numbers” “Strength in numbers” Voting bloc Voting bloc

34. Farmers see a solution – “cheap money” Increased currency would make it easier to repay their debts - inflation Increased currency would make it easier to repay their debts - inflation

35. Gold Standard vs. Free Silver Farmers wanted our currency to be shifted from the gold standard to bimetallism – a combination of gold and silver Farmers wanted our currency to be shifted from the gold standard to bimetallism – a combination of gold and silver

36. The Populist Party Created in 1892 Created in 1892 Goals: Goals: –cheap money –graduated income tax –direct election of senators –8 hour workday –limit immigration

37. William Jennings Bryan “Cross of Gold” speech “Cross of Gold” speech Nominated by Populists for President in 1896 Nominated by Populists for President in 1896 Also ran in 1900, 1908 Also ran in 1900, 1908

39. Legacy of Populism Common people can wield political power Common people can wield political power Many reforms enacted by Democratic party in the 20 th century Many reforms enacted by Democratic party in the 20 th century