1. Issues of the Gilded Age Chapter 16
Page 519

2. Segregation and Social Tensions Section 1
Obj: Asses how whites created a segregated society in the South and how AA’s responded
Analyze efforts to limit immigration and the effects
Compare the situations of Mexican Americans and of women to those other groups

3. A: AA’s lose Freedoms
After reconstruction, AA’s would lose many freedoms
1876, President Hayes removes troops from the south
Soon, southern gov’ts enact Jim Crow Laws- keep blacks segregated

4. Works- Black vote only 3%
Loss of voting rights- 15th amendment prohibited denying someone the right to vote
South gets around this
1. Poll Tax
2. literacy tests
3. grandfather clauses
4. All white primaries
5. Violence
Works- Black vote only 3%

5. B: Segregation Laws
1896- Supreme court rules “separate but equal” Plessy v. Ferguson
South passes all sorts of Jim Crow Laws
Examples??
North- de facto segregation- not in law but still happens

6. C: Opposition
Booker T. Washington- argued AA’s needed to “accommodate themselves to segregation”
Build resources, and demand equality later
Established Tuskegee institute
W.E.B. Du Bois- couldn’t disagree more. Must seek equality now!!
Ida B. Wells- crusade to end lynching

7. D: Other discriminated Groups
1. Chinese Americans California passes laws prohibiting hiring of Chinese
Separate schools, Chinese attacked
Chinese Exclusion Act- prohibited immigration

8. Courts sided with whites settlers in land disputes
2. Mexican Americans- After treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 4 out of 5 Mexicans Americans lost their land to white settlers
Courts sided with whites settlers in land disputes
Las Gorras Blancas- fight back, destroy fences and property
Take fight to labor unions

9. 3. Women- help free slaves, but realize slaves themselves
Push for a constitutional amendment- right to vote
Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton – formed National women’s suffrage association
Tried to vote in arrested
Four states would grant right to vote by Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho
Also fought for education and temperance movement- WCTU

10. Political and Economic Change Section 2
During Gilded Age Political corruption ran wild as politicians used positions to make money and stay in power
A. Power Stalemate
1877 to neither political party maintains power
Presidents weak and surrounded by political scandal

11. Rutherford B. Hayes- 1876 James Garfield- 1880 Chester Author- 1881
Won on secret deal
James Garfield- 1880
shot
Chester Author- 1881
Grover Cleveland- 1884
Benjamin Harrison- 1888
Lost popular vote, won election
Grover Cleland- 1892
Only one seen as honest

12. B. Corruption in Politics
Political Cartoonist brought attention to the politics- most famous “the bosses of the Senate”
Most famous Boss- William Marcy Tweed- Ran New York politics, eventually arrested, but escaped to Spain

13. C. Spoils System First to use- Andrew Jackson
Reward political supporters with government jobs
Most of the time, not qualified
Ex. Postal service, thousands of jobs to supporters

14. D. Reform
Civil Service- gov’t jobs that serve people- became very inefficient
Chester Arthur signs Pendleton Civil Service Act in created civil service commission to test candidates for gov’t jobs
Had to pass exam to get the job

15. E. Other Issues Gold Standard- gov’t backed money in gold
Farmers want to add silver to circulation- increase inflation
Bankers and big business against
Tariffs- Republicans want high tariffs, Democrats want low tariffs
Why?

16. Farmers and Populism Section 3
A. Plight of the Farmer
Life was already very difficult
Prices of crops fall as more is produced
Cotton cents, 1895 – 6 cents
Cheaper to burn crops as fuel
The more produced, the worst it got

17. B. Big Business Practices
Railroad hurt farmers by over charging
Banks, because of lack of currency, set interest rates extremely high
New presidents interested only in big business

18. C. Farmers Organize
Oliver H. Kelly- created the Grange- union calling for regulation of railroad and taught new farming techniques
Millions join
Farmers Alliances replaces as Grange fades
Formed coops
Asked gov’t for low interest loans

19. D. Populist Party Created in 1892- People’s party Goals:
Coinage of silver
Gov’t ownership of railroad
Women’s suffrage
Tried to unite White and Black Farmers, but Southerners would have no part
Populist would be very successful in local and state elections

20. E. WJB Populist try to unite farmers and industrial workers
William Jennings Bryan- Nebraskan, runs for president under populist and democratic nomination
Gave the famous speech “Cross of Gold”

21. F. Election of 1896 WJB against William McKinley
WJB ran extensive campaign- toured nation
McKinley didn’t leave Ohio: Back Porch Candidate
McKinley, backed by big business

22. G: Defeat McKinley won election Populist could not win urban workers
Did lobby for 8 hour day, but minting silver would hurt urban workers
Populist would disappear after the election