1. Medieval Art/Architecture This time period was broken down into 3 Periods: This time period was broken down into 3 Periods: 1) Early Medieval Art 475-1050 AD 2) Romanesque Art 1050-1300 AD 3) Gothic Art 1150-1500 AD (Gets its own chapter)

2. Medieval Art/Architecture 1) The Middle Ages was also known as the “Dark Ages” 2) During this time, many things about modern times were born: a) Parliamentary government b) Common Law c) Present day language d) Modern nation states

3. Medieval Art/Architecture 3) The church became VERY important during this time period 4) Charles the Great also known as Charlemagne was largely responsible for the great accomplishments during the Carolingian dynasty. a) Became the 1st of the Holy Roman Emperors b) He encouraged learning and the arts c) Students learned math, grammar and psalms. d) His greatest achievement was preserving ancient manuscripts. 5) Feudalism: was a system in which weak noblemen gave up their lands and much of their freedom to more powerful lords in return for protection.

4. Medieval Art/Architecture http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/v ideos#the-reign-of-charlemagne http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/v ideos#the-reign-of-charlemagne http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/v ideos#origins-of-the-knights-templar http://www.history.com/topics/charlemagne/v ideos#origins-of-the-knights-templar

5. Medieval Art/Architecture Churches and Monasteries Churches and Monasteries 1) Many of the churches were designed after Roman models. **The Roman civic basilica continued to be the popular type of structure for religious regions. 2) Some changes were made to the old style of the basilicas. For example: a) A Transept: was added. This was another aisle that cut directly across the nave and side aisles. 3) Most of the churches built during this time were made of wood so they no longer exist.

6. Medieval Art/Architecture Churches and Monasteries Churches and Monasteries 4) Monasticism: This is a way of life in which individuals gathered together to spend their days in prayer and self-denial. This became important during this time. 5) Architecture/structures of Monasteries: a) Outside Look: Thick stone walls and small windows b) Inside Look: Damp, dark, torches for lighting, arched doorways and cloisters. 6) Cloister: an open court or garden and the covered walkway surrounding it.

7. Medieval Art/Architecture Manuscript Illumination Manuscript Illumination 1) This style of art captures this time period perfectly 2) Until the printing press was invented (Renaissance time), ALL books were copied by hand. 3) It was usually done by monks in monasteries.

8. Medieval Art/Architecture Manuscript Illumination Manuscript Illumination 4) Monks used sliver, gold and other rich colors to paint these- Illumination Manuscript paintings. 5) The monks brought inspiration and skill to their work. 6) Through out this period, manuscripts of the Gospels were illustrated. Symbols were used so the reader could identify each of the Gospel writers. a) Matthew- Angel b) Mark-Lion c) Luke-Bull d) John-Eagle **Ex. The painting of St. Matthew (Carolingian Manuscript) pg. 3

9. Medieval Art/Architecture Manuscript Illumination Manuscript Illumination 7) The church was the center of this time period, the importance of these manuscripts was to get the message of faith across. a) Written part was for those who could read. b) Illustrated part was for those who couldn’t read. 8) Artist’s also expressed these religious messages through carvings and reliefs.

10. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Period ** The Romanesque was especially apparent in the architecture. 1) Feudalism became very important during this time period: a) Land was the only source of wealth and power. b) Land was very limited. c) Nobles, lords and kings fought constantly over land. d) Because of the limited land, fighting, etc. this caused many of the nobles, lords, etc. to build castles.

11. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Period Romanesque Period 2) Castles were considered “TOWERS OF STONE” consisting of towers, walls, moats, and drawbridges. **Castles although were NOT pleasant places to live!!!

12. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Castles Romanesque Castles **There were SEVERAL reasons why life in a castle was so hard: a) The main purpose was for defense NOT living. b) There were NO windows-The outer walls had only slots. c) Stairs were very steep. d) Passage ways were dark and narrow. e) Rooms were always drafty and were sparsely furnished or decorated.

13. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Castles Romanesque Castles f) The only warmth came from fireplaces, and the largest fireplace was always located in the Great Hall. f) The only warmth came from fireplaces, and the largest fireplace was always located in the Great Hall. g) Great Hall was where the family gathered and meals were served here. h) One type of simple decoration that was used often was Tapestries: are textile wall hangings that were woven, painted or embroidered with colorful scenes. *They were also used to keep out the dampness.

14. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Castles Romanesque Castles

15. Medieval Art/Architecture Growth of Cities Growth of Cities 1) Soon the growth of trade and industry brought about and economy based on and no longer on land so castles became outdated, because cities began to emerge. 2) These cities still needed protection so they constructed barricades that were 1 st constructed of wood but were later replaced by stone barricades.

16. Medieval Art/Architecture Growth of Cities Growth of Cities 3) A great example of this type of city with protection, is the historic city of Avila of Spain. * It was considered one of the most ambitious military constructions of the Middle Ages. 4) Soon space within these cities became crowded so buildings were built higher and sometimes up to 7 stories!

17. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Churches Romanesque Churches **ALL of these new cities had something in common: At the center of EACH city was a church. 1) The church increased its influence on the daily lives of people. 2) During this period, the churches were richly decorated and this was because it was a testimony of the power of the church.

18. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Churches Romanesque Churches 3) Pilgrimages became huge during this time period. a) Pilgrimage: is a journey to a holy place. b) These journeys were a visible sign of religious devotion. 4) The pilgrimage route was/ran from southern France to northern Spain. a) Along this route many churches were constructed. 5) The traditional Roman Basilica plan was used BUT the churches were made larger to be able to hold great #’s of people/pilgrims.

19. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Churches Romanesque Churches

20. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Churches Romanesque Churches 6) Modifications were made to these churches, primarily to increase the size of the church. a) Both the Nave and Transept were extended and added 2 more aisles, one on each side. 7) A new addition to these churches was an Ambulatory: An aisle curving around behind the main altar. a) This made it easier for pilgrims to process through the church.

21. Medieval Art/Architecture Romanesque Churches Romanesque Churches 8) To accommodate the many priests who gave mass everyday at these churches, additional altars were also placed in small curved chapels along the transept and ambulatory. 9) Using a series of round arches to construct a barrel vault, thick solid walls and pillars for support was the typical architecture of these churches.

22. Medieval Art/Architecture The Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse The Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse **France was where the Romanesque style reached its peak and this church STRONGLY illustrates that. Outside Inside Outside Inside 1) Appears Large 1) Spacious 2) Solid 2) Dark, gloomy 3) Reminds viewers 3) Has a wide Nave of a castle of a castle

23. Medieval Art/Architecture The Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse The Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse Outside Inside 4) Massive walls4) 2 aisles 4) Massive walls4) 2 aisles 5) Small windows5) Majestic arcade of arches 6) Durable leading from the main entrance to the altar 6) Rounded ceiling of the Barrel Vault 7) The Layout of the church creates a cross. creates a cross. 8) The Nave, side aisles, transept, apse and Ambulatory is identifiable

24. Medieval Art/Architecture The Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse The Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse

25. Medieval Art/Architecture Sculptures Sculptures 1) Many of the churches located along the Pilgrimage routes used Relief Sculptures as a method to teach the faith. **This was because many people during this time were illiterate. 2) Many of these relief sculptures were stories from Scripture.

26. Medieval Art/Architecture Sculptures Sculptures 3) 2 VERY important locations in and outside the church for these relief sculptures were: A) Tympanum=the ½ round panel that fills the space between the lintel and the arch over the doorway of the church. 1) Most people when they entered the church naturally looked up, so this was a great location for relief sculptures. 2) The Tympanum was set up in a manor where a major subject (Ex. Christ) was placed in the center and smaller subjects (apostles, etc.) on either side. 3) Many Tympanums displayed the Last Judgement

27. Medieval Art/Architecture Tympanum Tympanum

28. Medieval Art/Architecture Sculpture Sculpture 3) 2 VERY important locations in and outside the church for these relief sculptures were: (Continued) B) The capitols of the columns inside the church contained relief sculptures as well.

29. Medieval Art/Architecture Sculpture Sculpture 4) It was very important to fit as many stories as possible into the spaces available on the front of these churches. Ex. Santa Maria in Sanguesa, Spain 5) Many of these scenes/stories were about saints, Mary, Christ, and angels.

30. Medieval Art/Architecture Sculpture Sculpture 6) Inside these churches and in the cloisters contained many of these relief sculptures as well. Ex. The Capitols of the columns a) Many of these sculptures included biblical scenes, human figures, birds and animals. b) Many sculptors who were apprentices started with carving these columns and then eventually moved up to larger sculptures. 7) They used creative ways on interpreting religious stories, etc. (pg.325)

31. Medieval Art/Architecture Paintings Paintings 1) Large wall paintings were done during this time period along with the relief sculptures 2) There were particular areas/spaces in which these paintings were placed. 3) They resembled the manuscript Illumination style: a) Bold use of line b) Brilliant colors c) Sensitive feeling for pattern

32. Medieval Art/Architecture Paintings Paintings 4) Many of these paintings shared similar qualities: a) Artists were mostly concerned with easy to understand religious symbols. b) Easy to read messages c) Flat looking images d) Colorful shapes e) Bold use of lines

33. Medieval Art/Architecture Paintings Paintings