1. Schneider, 2014-2015

2. No food or drink at lab stations. Stay at your lab bench, working with your lab group. “Consultations” with others ok. Socializing is not. No “out of classroom experiences.” Focus on the experiment. Treat equipment and supplies gently and respectfully. You are dismissed from your lab bench back to your desk after: All data is collected and recorded. All materials are properly cleaned and stored. All waste/garbage is disposed of or recycled. You get the “ok” from me.

3. Systematic approach to doing science Clearly articulate process and thinking YOUR intellectual property

4. Purpose: Statement of problem to be investigated Equipment diagram: Include all components of the system and the variables measured. Procedure: Identify and name all variables. (What you are measuring) Identify measurement tool that will be used for each variable. State precision and units of each type of measurement. State how many conditions will be run (hint: 10) and how many trials for each condition (hint: at least three). General procedure / plan. Data Table: All rows & columns labeled, with units MUST result in USABLE data!

5. Evaluation of Data Results Table (Post-lab Calculations) All columns and rows labeled, with units. Include uncertainty calculations – if applicable. Watch sig figs! Show example of “out-of-the-ordinary” calculations Can be a separate Title: “Sample Calculations” Graphs Must include: title, axes labels (with units), axes scales If appropriate: best fit line(s), relevant equation, data labels

6. Scientific Explanation Claim: The answer to your question. A statement that shows understanding of a phenomenon. Evidence: Scientific data that supports the claim. Reasoning: Justification that links the claim and evidence using scientific principles or ideas.

7. CLAIM Describe (in words) any relationship(s) between variables identified in the purpose. A statement that shows understanding of the phenomenon observed in the lab. Write any mathematical relationships derived from graphical analysis. Use variables specific to the experiment – not “x” and “y” Include appropriate units POST Lab

9. EVIDENCE Explain how the model was derived. Refer to relevant data or results tables and/or graphs. State the meaning of the slope and y-intercept. Refer to relevant graphs. Explain any unexpected results / outcomes. I.e. Error analysis. NOTE: Not “human error”! Be specific!

10. EVIDENCE – example from Circle Lab The area for each circle was plotted vs. the corresponding diameter. See data in Table 1. The original graph showed an exponential relationship (Graph 1), so was linearized by squaring the parameter on the x-axis – the diameter. (Graph 2). The slope represents the change in area divided by the change in diameter 2 and is a unit-less value. The units for area are boxes 2 and the units for diameter are boxes. POST Lab

11. REASONING: Relate the claim and evidence to known scientific principles or ideas.

12. POST Lab

14. Claim: The answer to your question. A statement that shows understanding of a phenomenon. Evidence: Scientific data that supports the claim. Reasoning: Justification that links the claim and evidence using scientific principles or ideas.