1. American History Chapter 3: An Emerging New Nation
I. Life in the New Nation

2. Bell Ringer
In /7th of the population lived West of the Appalachian Mountains.
By /3 lived there.
What would the impact of such rapid population growth be?
Economic? Family life? Sense of connectedness? Impact on the natives?

3. Objectives
Find out how America’s growing and young population spurred territorial expansion, and discover how the United States Gained Texas and the Oregon Country.
See how a spirit of improvement, along with the Industrial Revolution and new transportation and communication, affected the nation’s development.
Discover the key characteristics of the Second Great Awakening and of African American worship.
Illinois Teaching Standards Met:
STATE GOAL 16: Understand events, trends, individuals and movements shaping the history of Illinois, the United States and other nations.
16.D.5 (US) Analyze the relationship between an issue in United States social history and the related aspects of political, economic and environmental history
16.E.5a (W) Analyze how technological and scientific developments have affected human productivity, human comfort and the environment.

4. A) America’s Population: Growing and Young
Population growth from : 2.7 mil – 12 mil
Lots of young people
Women averaged 5 children
Place to go was west of the Appalachians

5. B) Territorial Expansion
Life on the Frontier: long difficult journey, slavery outlawed but ignored, Indians uprooted and moved west
Expansion into Florida: Spain controlled Florida but did little to control the Seminoles. Americans still moved there
Jackson and Florida: Because of the Indian attacks, General Jackson invaded and took Florida upsetting Spain.
1) Adams-Onis Treaty: Spain gave up Florida, in return the US gave up Texas.

6. Blackhawk War of 1832
1804: some Sauk and Fox Indians were visiting St. Louis. Signed a deal seceding all land east of the Mississippi. Not chiefs.
1825: Blackhawk and Keokuk singed a treaty in English that gave the land up again. And forced off by 1828
1832: US not paying money or food and Indians starving, Blackhawk crossed Mississippi to live with the Winnebagos.
No food or military aid arrived – US sent army, Blackhawk tried to get back.
Raided Apple River Fort settlement for food.
Stillman Run
800 men, women, and children massacred at Bad Axe Wisconsin trying to cross the Mississippi.
Aftermath: 3 future presidents fought, Lincoln, Taylor, Davis
Blackhawk traveled to DC, met with Jackson, given a tour of US cities on the way home.

7. C) Texas and Oregon Country
Americans under Stephen Austin moved to Texas (part of Mexico). Wanted Mexico to guarantee Slavery. Mexico said no.
General Santa Anna declared himself dictator of Mexico and stripped Texas of self rule – Texas rebelled.
Santa Anna took the Alamo and massacred 300 Texans at Goliad.
Sam Houston led an army that defeated Santa Anna and the Republic of Texas was created.

8. 2,000 mile trek, by 1845, 5,000 Americans had migrated there
Americans began moving to Oregon by the Oregon Trail that started in Independence Missouri.
2,000 mile trek, by 1845, 5,000 Americans had migrated there
US and Britain divided up the territory
Mormons moved out west from New York under their leader Joseph Smith. Moved to Nauvoo Illinois and was killed. Brigham Young moved them to Utah and founded Salt Lake City.
Tell story of the murder of Joseph Smith in Nauvoo Illinois. Don’t forget to talk about the 25,000 Mormons living in Illinois then and the political power they wielded in election.

9. D) The Spirit of Improvement
Americans like Daniel Webster (Dictionary) believed they could improve themselves through education.
Webster wanted free public education and teach kids republican virtues– some states encouraged it.
Republican Virtues: self-reliance, industry, frugality, harmony, and to sacrifice the individual for the community.
Looked to women to teach children these virtues.

10. E) The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution: effort, beginning in Britain in the late 1700’s, to increase production by using machines powered by sources other than humans or animals.
James Watts’s steam engine, Samuel Slater's textile mill, Eli Whitney's interchange parts (gun) and cotton gin
Cotton gin: machine that separates cotton seeds from raw fibers.
Cotton gin actually increased slavery because more cotton was needed.
Talk about Whitney's interchangeable parts for guns. How has that influenced the world today.

11. F) Transportation and Communication
Robert Fulton’s steamboat the Clermont
3,000 miles of canals built – Erie Canal (363 mile 1825) connected all 5 Great Lakes
Cumberland road was first major road. Most roads built by private companies and charged tolls
1828 the first Railroad (B and O) was built in Baltimore and Maryland. By 1840 there were 3,300 miles of rail built.
Postal service grew – newspapers and magazines now available

12. G) The Second Great Awakening
Second Great Awaking: Religious movement of the early 1800’s
Common feature was a “revival”, where people were brought back to a religious life.
denomination: religious subgroups.
Baptists: baptized people are older – understand.
Methodists: spread message by horseback
Unitarians – believe Jesus Christ is a unity not a trinity
Joseph Smith published The Book of Mormon: Church of Jesus Christ and Later-day Saints – church centered in North America, not Jerusalem, free of ministers, truer, more simpler

13. H) African American Worship
Methodists first to include African Americans
Used call-and-respond method in mass
spirituals: religious folk hymns
Most churches did not include African Americans
1816 – African Americans formed the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME)

14. Conclusion
Why was the population young and growing in the early 1800’s?
Trace the causes and effects of the westward migration of Native Americans; the independence of Texas; the Adam-Onis Treaty
Name three inventions or innovations that changed early American life.
What new religious denominations arose during the Second Great Awakening?