1. Population Pyramids Global Geography 12

2. Population Pyramids A graph that shows the age-sex composition of a population. A graph that shows the age-sex composition of a population.

3. Cohorts A specific portion of the population that is combined together in an age group for the purposes of simplifying a population pyramid. Five-year cohorts are commonly used in population pyramids.

4. 2 Types of Population Pyramids 1) expansive: An age-sex structure with a wide base and narrower top. This indicates a high birth rate and an expanding population. 2) stationary: An age-sex structure that indicates no or very little population growth. The pyramid is characterized by relatively straight sides.

5. Dependency Ratio The ratio between the number of dependants (anyone above or below the working age) and the number of people in the potential labour force. This ratio gives an indication of the level of economic development in the country as the higher the percentage of people of working age a country has the better off economically they should be. The ratio between the number of dependants (anyone above or below the working age) and the number of people in the potential labour force. This ratio gives an indication of the level of economic development in the country as the higher the percentage of people of working age a country has the better off economically they should be. young dependants (YD): Anyone younger than 15 young dependants (YD): Anyone younger than 15 old dependants (OD): Anyone 65 and older old dependants (OD): Anyone 65 and older Dependency ratio = YD (%) + OD (%) x 100 Dependency ratio = YD (%) + OD (%) x 100 People of working age (%) People of working age (%)

6. Demographic Transition A multi-staged model showing changes in population as a result of a country’s economic development. The model is based on the changing population of Western Europe during industrialization. A multi-staged model showing changes in population as a result of a country’s economic development. The model is based on the changing population of Western Europe during industrialization.

7. 4 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model 1) Primitive: High birth & death rates, moderately high population growth, primitive health and medical conditions, low life expectancy rate, very poor standard of living, least developed countries (LLDCs). 2) Early Expanding: High birth rate, death rate drops dramatically, improved medical conditions, largely agricultural and rural population, large families, explosive population growth, less developed countries (LDCs).

8. 4 Stages of the Demographic Transition Model (continued) 3) Late Expanding: Birth rate drops in response to high growth of stage 2, death rate continues to drop slowly, improved standard of living & change in societal values, birth control improved, women join the labour force, more urban nation (less rural), more manufacturing & industry, smaller families, total population growth is moderate and lowering. 4) Zero Growth: Low birth & death rates, good medical & health conditions, long life expectancy, high standard of living, little population growth occurs-approaching zero population growth rate/ negative population growth, more developed countries (MDCs).

9. Population Pyramid Activity

10. Canada’s Dependency Ratio in 2006 Young dependants = young males (2.7% + 2.9% + 3.4%) + young females (2.6% + 2.8% + 3.2%) = 17.6% Young dependants = young males (2.7% + 2.9% + 3.4%) + young females (2.6% + 2.8% + 3.2%) = 17.6% Old dependants = old males (1.9% + 1.6% + 1.2% + 0.8% + 0.5%) + old females (2% + 1.8% +1.6% + 1.3% + 1.1%) = 13.8% Old dependants = old males (1.9% + 1.6% + 1.2% + 0.8% + 0.5%) + old females (2% + 1.8% +1.6% + 1.3% + 1.1%) = 13.8% People of working age = 100% - (17.6% + 13.8%) = 68.6% People of working age = 100% - (17.6% + 13.8%) = 68.6% Dependency ratio = YD (%) + OD (%) x 100 Dependency ratio = YD (%) + OD (%) x 100 People of working age (%) People of working age (%) Canada’s Dependency Ratio for 2006 = Canada’s Dependency Ratio for 2006 = ( (17.6% + 13.8%)/ 68.6% ) x 100 = 45.8 per 100 workers

12. Canada is in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model Because: Low birth & death rates Good medical & health conditions Long life expectancy High standard of living Little / negative population growth occurs More developed country (MDC).

13. Animated Canadian Population Pyramids http://www12.statcan.ca/census- recensement/2006/as-sa/97- 551/tables-tableaux-notes- eng.cfm#animations http://www12.statcan.ca/census- recensement/2006/as-sa/97- 551/tables-tableaux-notes- eng.cfm#animations

14. Population Pyramids of the World http://populationpyramid.net/

15. Review Population Pyramids Population Pyramids 2 Types: Expansive & Stationary 2 Types: Expansive & Stationary Dependency Ratio Dependency Ratio Demographic Transition Model Demographic Transition Model 4 (or 5) Stages of the Demographic Transition Model 4 (or 5) Stages of the Demographic Transition Model