1. Industrial Revolution

2. Industry – production of a good or service within an economy Industrial Revolution – Period of time characterized by society’s transition from rural to manufacturing processes – Manufacture: something made from raw materials – Begins in Britain – Textile Industry

3. Causes: 1. Agricultural Revolution – improvements of farming methods and farming tools – Mixing Soil – Crop Rotation – Seed Drill – Enclosure Any benefits?

4. 2. Population Increase 15503.0 Million 16505.2 Million 18008 Million 185116.7 Million Advances in Agriculture and medical advances lead to population increase

5. 3. Advances in Technology – New Inventions! Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin – It made cotton production more efficient (faster) – It improved the textile Industry James Watt – Improved the Steam Engine – Utilize Coal – Engines for trains and powered factories – Benefits?

6. Iron Industry – Henry Cort -- Puddling – Abraham Darby – Smelting improved production and quality of Iron Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone Thomas Edison – American Inventor – Electric Motor – Phonograph – Motion pictures – 2,332 Patents!!! (legally protected inventions)

8. Great Britain Natural Resources – coal, metals, and minerals – Coal was the most important Transportation – ports and canals Population increase – workforce Stable and strong government – promotes growth Imperialism (Later chapters) Why re-invent the Wheel? – Britain becomes the model of industry – People start copying them

9. Consequences: 1.Urbanization 2.New Social Classes 3.Social/Work Issues 4.New Ideas and Social movements 5.Monopolies

10. Urbanization “Urban” – Cities “…zation” – process Urbanization : Movement of people to cities – Growth of industry (factories) – need workers – Needed laborers in the mines – coal and metal

11. New Social Classes Middle Class “Bourgeoisie” – Gained success and wealth through investing in industry. – Upper Middle Class Industrial working class – Poor – Tenements – multistory buildings divided into apartments (small) – Slums – disease, lack of sewage, and waste systems

13. Social/Work Issues Poor working conditions – Dangerous health hazards – Industrial workers worked 12-16 hrs a day – No job security or minimum wage – Mining, crowded rooms, dangerous machinery Child labor – Children were paid less and they worked under dangerous working conditions Increase in poverty and crime within the cities Poor living conditions – Slums, unsanitary, disease ridden homes Pollution

15. New Ideas & Social Movements Urban Renewals – rebuilding of the poor areas of the city – City Planning – built new roads, sidewalks, sewerage system, Boulevards (and eventually skyscrapers) Labor Unions – Workers’ Organizations – Reforms for the workers (higher pay & better working conditions) – Looking out for the interest of the workers – They used strike to negotiate with employers over wages and hours In a strike, members of the union stopped working to pressure employers to make certain demands Public School system – In response to child labor – A place where children can be protected from child labor, where they were trained and educated in becoming functioning members of society.

16. New Ideas & Social Movements Women’s Movements Feminism– Movement for women’s rights. – English Common Law women were considered the property of the husband – Women in Britain did not win the right to own property until 1870 Upper and Middle class women led for social changes – 1840’s & 1850’s women fought for suffrage—rights to vote – Activists that belonged to the Women’s Social and Political Union, labeled as the “Suffragettes” made public stunts to get attention from the media Destroyed property and assaulted government officials – Temperance movement – limit the ban on alcohol

17. New Ideas & Social Movements Capitalism – Little or no gov. regulation of economy – Allow businesses and market to decide on prices – Laissez-Faire Economics – Allowed rapid growth in Western Europe Utilitarianism – “The greatest happiness for the greatest number” – Goal of society should be to provide maximum happiness to the people Socialism – People as a whole (collectively) owns and operate means of production – No private property

18. New Ideas & Social Movements Communism – Karl Marx – Capitalism creates inequality – Type of socialism – Bourgeoisie – Middle class “Haves” vs – Proletariat – working class “have-nots” will win – Struggle  Classless Society – Power and wealth would be shared equally

19. New Ideas & Social Movements Social Darwinism was influenced by the theory of natural selection from Charles Darwin – Organisms evolved through natural selection – survival of the fittest – Applied Darwin’s idea into society In society people who were wealthy were the “fittest” People who were poor were the “weak” Justified inequality and exploitation (taking advantage of the poor) Justify Racism and Imperialism

20. Monopolies & Trust Corporations (Large Businesses) that control entire industries John D. Rockefeller – U.S. Standard Oil – Oil Wells – Oil Refineries – Oil Pipelines – Buying out or destroying competitors

23. Can you think of any Monopolies today?

24. Monopolies Live Nation Time Warner Boeing Disney – ABC – A&E – History Channels – Life Time – all the ESPNs – Marvel – Lucas Film – Touch stone – Anything with “Disney” on it Pepsi Company – Taco Bell – Pizza Hut – KFC – Doritos – Mountain Dew – Naked Juice – Quaker Oatmeal JP Morgan Chase – Washington Mutual – Bear Sterns – Bank One Corporation – Chase

25. Video Notes Worst Jobs in History: Victorian Era – List the jobs mentioned in the video – Provide interesting facts about each job