1. National Energy Strategy Simulation The Territories Linjing Xie Maryam Zoughi Xiaoyan Xu March 25, 2015

2. Weaknesses and Missed Opportunities in Energy Policy Expensive heating and electricity cost Insufficient energy supply Aggressively promoting oil & gas development and mining activity No or small territory-wide targets for reducing GHG emissions R & D: Inappropriate renewable energy established Little progress on a territory-wide building code for energy efficiency 3/25/2015 National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 1

3. Oil Sands/Oil & Gas Market Access National/International Pipeline: Canol Road; shale oil production Pipeline: Oil sands from Alberta to Tuktoyaktuk (NWT) A 2,400-kilometre-long railway: Fort McMurray to the Trans-Alaska Mackenzie NG pipeline: NG from the Beaufort Sea to tie into gas pipelines in northern Alberta Pipeline Territorial Amauligak oil and gas field in the Mackenzie Valley Delta and Beaufort Sea Domestic refineries Feasibility assessment of liquefied natural gas (LNG) First Nation opposition to the rapid expansion of oil sands development National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 23/25/2015

4. Climate Policy Issues: Thawing permafrost, changing sea ice patterns, reduction in sea ice thickness and cover, rising sea levels and temperature, melting glaciers and extreme or unexpected weather events (Source: The Pan-Territorial Adaptation Strategy, 2011) Initial positions: National: Regulations/policies restricting GHG emissions for each provinces Provincial: Collaboration with other provinces in monitoring, assessing and predicting the impacts of climate change Territorial: Collaboration of territorial governments to work together on climate change Partnership between first nation and territorial research centre to inventorying energy and GHG emissions National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 3 Source: https://www.ec.gc.c a/indicateurs- indicators/default.a sp?lang=en&n=18F 3BB9C-1 https://www.ec.gc.c a/indicateurs- indicators/default.a sp?lang=en&n=18F 3BB9C-1 3/25/2015

5. Renewable Energy  High hydro potential, especially mini-hydro (run-of-river) potential  Wind power potential  Demand for more reliable and less expensive energy service Northwest Territories Proposed Taltson expansion; Mini-hydro for communities; Extension of the existing hydro grid Snare hydro near Yellowknife, and the Talston hydro dam near Fort Smith The Hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk in the Northwest Territories is promoting a regional hub-and-spoke model based on the Alaskan experience The wind-diesel hybrid systems in the Beaufort region is under planning Yukon 3 established hydro plants with the ability to generate 75 MW The largest wind turbines in the North stand prominently on Haeckel Hill near Whitehorse in Yukon. These turbines have an installed capacity of 800 kW and have been operating since the 1990s Nunavut Assessments of hydroelectric potential have been completed for various locations near Iqaluit and in the Kivalliq region The Nunavut power utility company, Qulliq Energy Corporation, is working toward installing a wind-hydrogen-diesel generation plant in Cape Dorset 3 wind projects have been attempted National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 43/25/2015

6. Conclusion Cost Effectiveness Environmental Effectiveness Supply Sufficiency Social Acceptability Total Score EE & Conservation 20% increase by 2020 +1 +4 Hydro, wind Power 20% increase by 2020 +1 +2 R&D: Renewable energy technologies, Environmental impacts +1 +2 Energy storage & backup 0+1 0+2 Hybrid cap & trade- Carbon neutral operations by 2020 +1 0+1 Oil sand & NG pipelines, Refineries +1+10 National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 5 Alternatives Criteria 3/25/2015

7. National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 6 Thank you! Questions? 3/25/2015

8. Resources National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 73/25/2015

9. Energy Supply National Energy Strategy Simulation: The Territories 8  Nunavut: 100% fossil fuel for heat and electricity generation 3/25/2015