1. Earth Science Picture of the day http://epod.usra.edu/

2. Unit 3 Dynamic Earth At the end of this unit you will be able to  Recall that the internal heat of the earth comes from radioactive decay of materials and also residual heat from formation  State that differences in density within the earth cause the tectonic plates to move  Infer properties of the earths interior based on seismic data  Recall the theory of plate tectonics, and the evidence to support it.  Know the three types of plate boundaries and their properties  Realize that the motion of plates causes: earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes  Know the three types of seismic waves and their properties  Analyze seismic waves to determine, origin time, travel time, lag time, and distance to epicenter  Read and interpret graphs and charts in the reference tables to obtain information about plate boundaries and earthquakes

3. Laboratory activities for this unit  Continental drift  Crustal Boundaries  Finding Epicenters  Location of an Epicenter  Location of an Epicenter #2  Ring of fire

4. In your table of contents please add the following Unit 3 Plate tectonics/Dynamic Earth 37-38 Vocabulary 39 Layers of the earth 40 Vocabulary 41-42 Theory of Plate tectonics 43 Sea Floor spreading 44 Convergent boundaries 45 Divergent boundaries- foldable 46 Transform boundaries- foldable

5. In your table of contents please add the following Unit 3 Plate tectonics/Dynamic Earth 47

6. Now turn to page 37 and number up to page 49 On page 37 at the top please write: Unit 4: Earth Interior vocabulary You will be writing out 9 vocabulary words, you may not need 2 pages, but I gave you extra room in case you did.

7. VOCABULARY 1.Crust: outermost portion of earth’s solid lithosphere 2.Continental crust: crust that makes up the continents, granitic and less dense 3.Oceanic crust: crust under the ocean, basaltic and more dense 4.Lithosphere: whole crust together and the upper mantle 5.Moho: interface between crust and mantle Page 37 in notebook

8. VOCABULARY 6. Asthenosphere: plastic upper portion of the earth’s mantle that the plates move on 7. Mantle: layer between the crust and outer core 8. Outer core: zone between mantle and inner core, thought to be liquid because no S waves travel through it 9. Inner core: solid, thought to be iron and nickel based on meteorites and earth’s magnetism Page 37, 38 in notebook

9. I. Layers of the earth Page 10, ESRT

10. I. Layers of the earth A. Crust (2 Types) Solid 1. Continental- low density, 2.7 g/cm 3, granitic 2. Oceanic- high density 3.0 g/cm 3, basaltic Page 39 in notebook

11. I. Layers of the earth B. Mantle – Solid, 3.4-5.6 g/cm 3 1. What the plates move on 2. Plastic like Page 39 in notebook

12. I. Layers of the earth C. Outer Core – Liquid, 9.9-12.2 g/cm 3 D. Inner Core – Solid, 12.8-13.1 g/cm 3 1. Highest density layer Page 39 in notebook

13. Practice questions What is the pressure at the inner core and outer core boundary? What is the temperature at the outer core and stiffer mantle boundary? What is the depth of the boundary between the Asthenosphere and Stiffer mantle? What is the thickness of the stiffer mantle What is the density of the oceanic crust?

14. VOCABULARY Tectonic plates: section of lithosphere that moves, aka plates Convergent plate boundary: boundary between two colliding plates Divergent plate boundary: boundary between two plates that are moving apart, new crust is created Transform plate boundary: boundary where two plates slide past each other Page 40 in notebook

15. VOCABULARY Mid-Ocean ridge: mountain range at the bottom of the ocean where two plates are diverging and creating new crust Ocean trench: deep valley produced when two convergent plates collide in an ocean Subduction: one of the plates at a convergent boundary sinks under the less dense plate Page 40 in notebook

16. II. Theory of Plate TectonicsTheory of Plate Tectonics A. Continental Drift 1. Proposed by Alfred Wegner 2. Continents look like they fit together like a puzzle Page 41 in notebook

17. II. Theory of Plate Tectonics B. Evidence of Drift (Foldable) 1. Rocks match from continent to continent 2. Mountain chains match 3. Fossils match Page 41 in notebook

18. II. Theory of Plate Tectonics C. Sea Floor Spreading 1. Oceans are getting bigger (Atlantic Ocean) 2. caused by convection in the mantle. 3. Evidence a. Rocks are younger at the ridges and older as you travel away Page 42 in notebook

19. Pangea: Hypothetical landmass that existed 200 million years ago, where all the continents were joined.

20. II. Theory of Plate Tectonics D. Plate motion visualizations visualizations 1. Convergent Boundaries a. Collision: destruction of crust b. Types 1. Oceanic- Oceanic, Trench forms 2. Continental- Continental, Mountains form 3. Oceanic- Continental, denser plate sinks, Mountains chains along the coast and a trench forms Page 43 in notebook

21. II. Theory of Plate Tectonics D. Plate motion 2.Divergent Boundaries (foldable) a. Plates moving apart b. New Crust is being made c. Examples of locations: Mid Atlantic Ridge, East Indian Ridge Page 44 in notebook

22. II. Theory of Plate Tectonics D. Plate motion 3.Transform Boundaries (foldable) a. Plates are sliding past each other b. Shallow earthquakes c. Example: San Andreas Fault, CA Page 45 in notebook

23. The Andes Mountains run along the west Coast of South America

24. Earthquake VOCABULARY Earthquake: rapid and natural shaking of the earth caused by movement of the tectonic plates P-wave: Primary, first to arrive, fastest, travel parallel to movement direction S-Wave: secondary, second to arrive, travel perpendicular to wave direction Epicenter: place on the Earth’s surface directly above where the earthquake originated Page 46 in notebook

25. VOCABULARY Focus: place where the earthquake originated, underground Volcano: a mound of extrusive igneous rock that erupts Tsunami: large wave created when an earthquake occurs underwater Hotspot: a weak spot in the earths crust where magma comes up through the crust, typically in the middle of a plate Page 46 in notebook

26. III. Earthquakes 1.Shaking or trembling of the ground caused by motion of the plates A. Types of earthquake Waves Foldable…. Page 47 in notebook

27. III. Earthquakes A.Types of Seismic waves 1. Primary a. Fastest b. Travels through, S, L, G c. aka : Compressional waves d. Travel parallel to vibration

28. III. Earthquakes A.Types of Seismic waves 2. Secondary a. slow waves b. Solids ONLY c. aka” Shear waves” d. Travel perpendicular to vibration

29. III. Earthquakes A.Types of Seismic waves 3. Surface Waves a. L- waves b. cause all the damage associated with the earthquakes

30. III. Earthquakes How do I….? (foldables) …..Find lag time 1. Lag time is the difference between the arrivals of the S and P waves. 2. S arrival – P arrival = Lag time 3. On page 11 ESRT, it is the space between the 2 lines Page 48 in notebook

31. III. Earthquakes How do I….? (foldables) ….Find The travel time of the waves 1. What wave are you solving for? P or S? 2. Using pg 11 ESRT 3. Knowing the distance to the epicenter, go up to the wave you are solving for. 4. Read over to the Y axis for the time. Page 48 in notebook

32. III. Earthquakes How do I….? (foldables) Find the distance to the epicenter? 1. Calculate the lag time 2. Using pg 11 ESRT, take a piece of scrap paper and place it along the Y axis, mark the zero and the lag time you calculated. 3. Slide the scrap up the graph until the 2 marks you made touch the P and S waves. (slide and match) 4. Read down to the x axis for the distance. Page 49 in notebook

33. III. Earthquakes How do I….? (foldables) Find the time when the earthquake happened (origin time)? 1. Knowing the P arrival time from the seismograph. 2. subtract the Travel time for the P wave for the distance calculated for that location. 3. Origin time= P arrival – P travel Page 49 in notebook