1. 1 Round Table Discussion III Searching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting matter JINR, Dubna 5-6 November 2008 Project of The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA): Status of The Technical Design Project Igor N. Meshkov for NICA collaboration

2. 2 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Project leaders: A. Sissakian, A. Sorin Accelerator group leaders: I. Meshkov, A. Kovalenko Authors: JINR N.Agapov, V.Alexandrov, A.Alfeev, O.Brovko, A.Butenko, B.Vasilishin, V.Volkov, E.D.Donets, E.E.Donets, A.Eliseev, A.Fateev, I.Issinsky, V.Kalagin, G.Khodzhibagiyan, V.Karpinsky, V.Kekelidze, A.Kobets, V.Kobets, A.Kovalenko, O.Kozlov, A.Kuznetsov, I.Meshkov, V.Mikhaylov, V.Monchinsky, N.Lebedev, A.Olshevsky, A.Rudakov, V.Shchegolev, A.Sidorin, V.Shevtsov, A.V.Smirnov, A.Sissakian, A.Sorin, N.Timoshenko, V.Toneev, G.Trubnikov, V.Zhabitsky, S.Yakovenko IHEP O. Belyaev, Yu. Budanov, I. Zvonarev, A. Maltsev INR Tokyo University V. Matveev, L. Kravchuck T.Katayama Budker INP V.Arbusov, Yu.iryuchevsky, S,Krutikhin, G.Kurkin, B.Persov, V.Petrov, F.Pilan

3. 3 Contents 1. NICA/MPD Concept 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.1. Injector: Ion Source + Linac 2.2. Booster 2.3. Stripping station 2.4. Nuclotron – “The project Nuclotron-M” 2.5. Collider 2.6. Transfer lines 2.7. Control and diagnostics 2.8. Civil engineering 2.9. Project schedule 3. Polarized beams in NICA 4. NICA Collaboration Conclusion I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008

4. 4 1. NICA/ MPD Concept January 2008 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008

5. 5 The intention and the goal: Development of the JINR basic facility for generation of intense heavy ion and polarized nuclear beams aimed at searching for the mixed phase of nuclear matter and investigation of polarization phenomena at the collision energies up to  s NN = 11 GeV/u, i.e. 238 U x 238 U in the energy range of 1 ÷ 4.5 GeV/u at average luminosity (at 3.5 GeV/u) L average = 1  10 27 cm -2  s -1. 1. NICA/ MPD Concept I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008

6. 6 1. Minimum of R & D 2. Application of existing experience 3. Co-operation with experienced research centers “The Basic Conditions” for the Project Development and Some Consequences 1. NICA/ MPD Concept I.Meshkov, NICA/MPD Project STORI’08 IMP, Lanzhou, 15-19 September, 2008 4. The reference particle for the heavy ion project: 238 U 92+ at 3.5 GeV/amu in collider

7. 7 “The Basic Conditions” for the Project Development and Some Consequences Choice of an existing building for dislocation of the collider Collider circumference is limited by ~ 250 m Luminosity 4. Cost – as low as possible 5. Realization time – 4 – 5 years High beam intensity, multibunch regime, low beta-function in Interaction Point, ………………………………………………… 1. NICA/ MPD Concept I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008

8. 8 Nuclotron Krion & Linac Booster Collider C = 251.2 m Existing beam lines (solid target exp-s) MPD Spin Physics Detector (SPD) Bldng 205 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 1. NICA/ MPD Concept

9. 9 Booster (25 Tm) 2(3?) single-turn injections, storage of 3.2×10 9, acceleration up to 50 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 440 MeV/u Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×10 9 ions, acceleration up to 1  4.5 GeV/u max. Collider (45 Tm) Storage of 17 bunches  1  10 9 ions per ring at 1  4.5 GeV/u, electron and/or stochastic cooling IP-1 IP-2 Stripping (40%) 238 U 32+  238 U 92+ Two superconducting collider rings 2х17 injection cycles Bunch compression (“overturn” in phase space) Injector: 2×10 9 ions/pulse of 238 U 32+ at energy of 6 MeV/u I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 1. NICA/ MPD Concept

10. 10 34 injection cycles of 1  10 9 ions 238 U 92+ per cycle 1.7  10 10 ions/ring  L  1∙10E27 cm -2∙ s -1 3.5 GeV/u 400 MeV/u 100(50?) MeV/u 6 MeV/u 470 keV/u 25 keV/u 2  s 0.4s 2s 3s 4.5s 153 s KRION RFQ RFQ DTL Booster Nuclotron Collider E ion /A Time Table of The Storage Process 238 U 32+ 2-3 cycles of injection, electron cooling (?) electron cooling stripping to 238 U 92+ Bunch compression 1. NICA/ MPD Concept I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008

11. 11 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.1. Injector: Ion Source + Linac Electron String Ion Sourse (ESIS) „KRION“ – experiments on generation of Au 32+,Au 51+ and Au 69+ ions – in progress, new ESIS “KRION-6T”: B  6.0 T, E e  25 keV - – in progress The goals: Ions Au32+(U32+) Au51+(U64+) Au69+ Extraction frequency, Hz 5(40) 0.5 0.2 N_ions per pulse 2  10E9 5  10E8 3  10E8 Extraction time,  s  8  8  8 The Schedule: Commissioning of the working device   December 2010, Test at Nuclotron  2011 Test at the new linac  2012

12. 12 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements Heavy Ion Linac RFQ + RFQ DTL (IHEP, Protvino) Technical design – in progress in accordance with the schedule; Interim technical design report of the 1st section (RFQ) is completed; 2.1. Injector: Ion Source + Linac Main parameters of RFQ Injection energy 200 keV/ion Acceptance Extraction energy 473 keV/u Normalized 0.5  mm  mrad Unnormalized 70  mm  mrad RFQ Electrodes 2H cavities of "Ural" RFQ (prototype) The goal – TDR of the linac & working drawings   December 2009

13. 13 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.2. Booster Nuclotron Booster B  = 25 T  m, B max = 1.8 T 1)3 single-turn injections 2) Storage and electron cooling of 8×10 9 238 U 32+ 3) Acceleration up to 440 MeV/u 4) Extraction & stripping Superconducting Booster in the magnet core of The Synchrophasotron

14. 14 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.2. Booster 2.3 m 4.0 m The Booster Location in “The Belly” of The Synchrophasotron Dismounting in progress…

15. 15 The Booster FODO period I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.2. Booster SC dipoles – “Nuclotron/SIS-100 type” Superconducting Booster in the magnet core of The Synchrophasotron See the next report of A.Kovalenko Status: technical project in progress Working drawings  during 2009 Beginning of manufacturing  Nov. 2009 Synchrophasotron yoke

16. 16 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.2. Booster RF system of Cooler Storage Ring of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) – analog of The RF system for The Booster of NICA. RF System Technical Report of RF System has been completed by the group of Budker INP in September 2008: 2 RF stations by R 12.5 M each one, 1.5 years for manufacturing

17. 17 Status: technical project in very beginning Working drawings  end of 2009 Beginning of manufacturing  Nov. 2009 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.2. Booster Electron cooling system of the Booster The prototype: Electron Cooler EC-35 (Budker INP) 1 – electron gun, 2 – electrostatic plates for compensation of centrifugal drift, 3  toroidal solenoid, 4 – straight solenoids, 5 – magnetic shield, 6 – collector, 7 – ion beam orbit magnetic correctors, 8 – ion beam channel The JINR concept: the electron cooler with superconducting magnetic system Reconstruction of The El_Cooler Test Bench was started at DLNP.

18. 18 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.3. Stripping station First parameters estimates have been done, but technical design was not started yet. Radiation safety conditions are under examination

19. 19 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.4. Nuclotron “The project Nuclotron-M” is in progress   see report of G.Trubnikov

20. 20 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Ring circumference, [m]251.0 B  max [ T  m ]44.0 Ion kinetic energy (U92+), [GeV/u]1.0  4.36 Dipole field (max), [ T ]4.0 Quad gradient (max), [ T/m ]29.0 Number of dipoles / length24 / 2.8 m Number of vertical dipoles per ring2 x 4 Number of quads / length32 / 0.4 m Long straight sections number / length2 x 48.0 m Short straight sections number / length,4 x 7.2 m General Parameters

21. 21 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider βx_max / βy_max in FODO period, m20 / 17 Dx_max / Dy_max in FODO period, m6.1 / 0.1 βx_min / βy_min in IP, m0.5 / 0.5 Dx / Dy in IP, m0.0 / 0.0 Free space at IP (for detector) 8 m Beam crossing angle at IP0 Betatron tunes Qx / Qy5.5 / 5.2 Chromaticity Q’x / Q’y-12.4 / -12.2 Transition energy,  _tr / E_tr5.0 / 4 GeV/u RF system harmonics amplitude, [kV] 70 100 Vacuum, [ pTorr ]100  10 General Parameters (Contnd)

22. 22 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Energy, GeV/u1.03.5 Ion number per bunch1E9 Number of bunches per ring17 Rms unnormolized beam emittance,  ∙mm mrad 3.80.3 Rms momentum spread1E-3 Rms bunch length, m0.3 Luminosity per one IP, cm -2 ∙s -1 0.75 ⋅ E261.1E27 Incoherent tune shift  Q bet 0.0560.047 Beam-beam parameter  0.00260.02 Luminosity “life time” limited by IBS, s 65050 Collider beam parameters and luminosity

23. 23 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Collider scheme (Version Aug. 2008) PU Kicker PU Kicker MPD RF Injection channels Beam dump SPD Spin rotator

24. 24 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Collider Scheme (Version Oct. 2008)

25. 25 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Magnetic system “Twin” dipoles “Twin” quadrupoles 1 – Cos  coils, 2 – “collars”, 3 – He header, 4 – iron yoke, 5 – thermoshield, 6 – outer jacket See the next report of A.Kovalenko

26. 26 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider IBS Heating & electron/stochastic cooling I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Intrabeam scattering (IBS) characteristic time: For NICA: 17 bunches x 10E9 238 U 92+ ions at  s = 0.3 m, etc.,…  IBS ~ 20 – 50 s Electron cooling: 2.4 MeV x 0.5 A   ecool  50 s Stochastic cooling:  W = 3 GHz   scool  1000 s

27. 27 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 General scheme Electron cooling  parameters and problems: Electron beam 2.4 MeV x 1 A ion recombination  hollow electron beam? HV power supply HTSC solenoid + “hot” electron collector B 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Electron cooling  1st scheme The 1st scheme: disadvantage  “twin system”

28. 28 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 B The 2nd scheme: disadvantage  at acceleration coulomb entrance “recovering” electrons enter solenoid field of opposite direction: p  ~ 100 keV at B = 0.1 T 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Electron cooling  2 nd scheme

29. 29 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Electron cooling  3 rd scheme I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 The 3 rd scheme: advantage  1) common HV power supply, 2) lenses B B disadvantages  1) two SC solenoids, 2) possible coupling of both ion beams via cooling electron beams   a damping feed back may be necessary

30. 30 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Stochastic cooling I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 1)Unrealistic for present “Concept Parameters” of NICA collider 2)Requires a new concept development:  non-zero beam crossing angle at IP,  increase of ion bunch number  n bunch ~ 70,  new ion storage scheme  “barrier bucket” RF system. All this simplifies stochastic cooling system making it of “conventional” parameters (like at COSY, for instance ). The new concept does not contradict to the present one! And has to be examined carefully… T.Katayama, 31 October 2008

31. 31 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Stochastic cooling I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Stoch.Coolg PU’s : 2+2 m Stoch.Cooling kickers : 2+3 m Feedback lines: x, y, s Proposed scheme (T.Katayama, 31 Oct. 2008)

32. 32 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.5. Collider Collider RF System I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Res. frequency, MHz107 ÷ 120 Outer diameter, cm38 Inner diameter, cm7 Gap voltage, kV100 Gap length, cm5 Shunt impedance, kOhm 357.2 Quality factor2786 Power loss, kW13.92 Cavity length, m0.744 There are two reasonable technical solutions : - the quarter-wave resonant cavity loaded with the capacitive gap, - 2 quarter-wave resonators switched on towards each other and loaded with the common capacitive gap. 694 5050 Ø 70Ø 380 Tuning plunger Accelerating gap Quarter-wave cavity

33. 33 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.6. Transfer lines 1. KRION – Linac 2. Linac – Booster 3. Booster – Nuclotron 4. Nuclotron – collider rings … in very beginning…

34. 34 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.7. Control and Diagnostics NICA Control System

35. 35 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.7. Control and Diagnostics I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 NICA Control System

36. 36 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.7. Control and Diagnostics NICA Diagnostics Beam Intensity Beam current transformers (BERGOZ)  I beam  - “slow” BCT I(t) – fast BCT Ionization chamber Sec. emission monitor JINR I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Beam position monitors (JINR) Schottky noise monitors -  p/p, f rev, Q bet

37. 37 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.7. Control and Diagnostics NICA Diagnostics I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Beam profile monitors Residual gas ionization profile monitor (JINR) Multiwire Proport. Chamber Sec. Emission Grid Montr. Fiber Profile Monitor

38. 38 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.8. Civil engineering 2 options: 1) building #205 C_collider ring  251 m 2) new tunnel + 4 buildings + transfer lines

39. 39 Collider location in the building #205 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements Collider in the building #205 2.8. Civil engineering 1 м1 м 5 м 0.7 м 3 м ?

40. 40  Stage I Nuclotron-М subproject and infrastructure (2008-2010) development R&D programs Technical Design Reports on NICA and MPD  Stage II Design and manufacturing of NICA & MPD (2008-2012) elements Infrastructure development  Stage III Construction and assembling of (2010-2012) NICA & MPD  Stage IV NICA commissioning, MPD start-up (2013-2014) 2. Status of the development and design of the NICA elements 2.9. Project schedule I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Beginning of The Experiments – 2013 - 2014 NICA TDR – May 2009

41. 41 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 3. Polarized beams in NICA Energy, GeV512 Proton number per bunch6E101.5E10 Rms relative momentum spread10E-3 Rms bunch length, m1.70.8 Rms (unnormalized) emittance,  mm  mrad0.240.027 Beta-function in the IP, m0.5 Lasslet tune shift0.00740.0033 Beam-beam parameter0.005 Number of bunches10 Luminosity, cm -2∙ s -1 1.1E301  1E30 Polarized proton beams parameters

42. 42 SPD B Spin rotator I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Polarized beams  polarization preservation 3. Polarized beams in NICA SPD B

43. 43 Particlea p1.792846 d-0.142978 Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL) solenoid  50 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL) solenoid  140 T∙m I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Polarized proton beams  polarization preservation 3. Polarized beams in NICA protons deuterons 200 150 BL [T∙m] 100 50 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 E [GeV/u] Spin rotation in solenoid  || = 

44. 44 Spin rotator B I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Polarized beams  injection 3. Polarized beams in NICA From Nuclotron S

45. 45 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Polarized beams  injection 3. Polarized beams in NICA protons deuterons 6 5 BL [T∙m] 4 3 2 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 E [GeV/u] Spin rotation in dipole   =  /2 Protons, 1  E  12 GeV  (BL) dipole  3 T∙m Deuterons, 1  E  5 GeV/u  (BL) solenoid  5.8 T∙m

46. 46 4. NICA Collaboration Budker INP Booster RF system Booster electron cooling Collider RF system Collider SC magnets (expertise) HV electron cooler for collider Electronics (?) IHEP (Protvino) I njector Linac FZ Jűlich (IKP) HV Electron cooler Stochastic cooling GSI/FAIR SC dipoles for Booster/SIS-100 SC dipoles for Collider/SIS-300 (?) BNL (RHIC) Stoch. Cooling Fermilab HV Electron cooler I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008

47. 47 I.Meshkov, NICA Tech. Design Project Round Table III JINR, 5-6 November, 2008 Conclusion The NICA project realization meets already and will meet in future many obstacles – both scientific/technical and “political” ones. But all they do not seem to be insoluble! Спасибо за Ваше внимание!