1. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Joint Institute for Nuclear Research International Intergovernmental Organization Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) at JINR: New Prospect for Heavy Ion Collisions and Spin Physics A.N.Sissakian, A.S.Sorin

2. The main goal of the NICA/MPD project is an experimental study of hot and dense nuclear matter and spin physics These goals are proposed to be reached by These goals are proposed to be reached by : development of the Nuclotron as a basis for generation of intense beams over atomic mass range from protons to uranium and light polarized ions; design and construction of heavy ion collider with maximum collision energy of  s NN = 9 GeV and average luminosity 10 27 cm -2 s -1 (for U 92+ ), and polarized proton beams with energy  s ~ 25 GeV and average luminosity > 10 30 cm -2 s -1 design and construction of the MultiPurpose Detector (MPD)

3. Stage 1: years 2007 – 2009 - Upgrate and Development of the Nuclotron - Preparation of Technical Design Report of the NICA and MPD - Start prototyping of the MPD and NICA elements Stage 2: years 2008 – 2012 - Design and Construction of NICA and MPD Stage 3: years 2010 – 2013 - Assembling Stage 4: year 2013 - 2014 - Commissioning The NICA Project Milestones

4. 1.Minimum of R & D 2. Application of existing experience 3. Co-operation with experienced research centers “The Basic Conditions” for the Project Development 4. Cost: as low as possible 5. Realization time: 6 – 7 years 1. Choice of an existing building for dislocation of the collider Consequences: 2. Collider circumference is limited by ~ 250 m 3. Luminosity: high beam intensity, multibunch regime, low beta-function at Interaction Point, …

6. NICA general layout

7. Scheme of the NICA compex Booster (30 Tm) 2(3?) single-turn injections, storage of 3.2×10 9, acceleration up to 50 MeV/u, electron cooling, acceleration up to 440 MeV/u Nuclotron (45 Tm) injection of one bunch of 1.1×10 9 ions, acceleration up to 3.5 GeV/u max. Collider (45 Tm) Storage of 17 bunches  1  10 9 ions per ring at 3.5 GeV/u, electron and/or stochastic cooling Injector: 2×10 9 ions/pulse of 238 U 32+ at energy 6 MeV/u IP-1 IP-2 Stripping (40%) 238 U 32+  238 U 92+ Two superconducting collider rings 2х17 injection cycles

8. Collider general parameters Ring circumference, [m] Ring circumference, [m]251.5 B  max (U92+), [ T  m ] B  max (U92+), [ T  m ]44.0 Ion kinetic energy, [GeV/amu] Ion kinetic energy, [GeV/amu] 1.0  4.36 Dipole field (max), [ T ] Dipole field (max), [ T ]4.0 Long straight sections Long straight sections number / length, [m] number / length, [m] 2 x 48.0 Short straight sections Short straight sections number / length, [m] number / length, [m] 4 x 7.2 Vacuum, [ pTorr ] Vacuum, [ pTorr ] 100  10 RF harmonics RF harmonics amplitude, [kV] amplitude, [kV]70150

9. “Twin” magnets for NICA collider rings “Twin” dipoles “Twin” quadrupoles 1 – Cos  coils, 2 – “collars”, 3 – He header, 4 – iron yoke, 5 – thermoshield, 6 – outer jacket

10. PU Kicker PU Kicker MPD RF Injection channels Beam dump SPD Spin rotator Collider structure

11. Energy, GeV/u 1.03.5 Rms bunch length, m 0.30.3 RF harmonics / amplitude, kV 102 / 100 Beta function in IP, m 0.50.5 Number of ions in the bunch 1∙10 9 Rms unnormalized beam emmittance,  ∙mm mrad 3.80.3 Rms momentum spread 0.0010.001 Luminosity per one IP, cm -2 ∙s -1 0.75 ⋅ 10 26 1.1 ⋅ 10 27 Number of bunches 1717 Incoherent tune shift  Q bet 0.0560.047 Beam-beam parameter  0.00260.02 Collider beam parameters and luminosity

12. Superconducting Booster in the magnet core of The Synchrophasotron Nuclotron Booster B  = 25 T  m, B max = 1.8 T 1)3 single-turn injections 2) Storage and electron cooling of 8 × 10 9 238 U 32+ 3) Acceleration up to 440 MeV/u 4) Extraction & stripping SC dipoles – “Nuclotron/SIS-100 type”

13. 2.3 m 4.0 m The Booster Location in the yoke of The Synchrophasotron Under demounting now

14.  Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of Science  Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino  Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk  MoU with FAIR  Open for extension … NICA – Collaboration http://nica.jinr.ru Signed MoU with GSI in July 2008

15. NICA- Collaboration Budker INP Booster RF system Booster electron cooling Collider RF system Collider SC magnets (expertise) HV electron cooler for collider Electronics (?) IHEP (Protvino) I njector Linac FZ Jűlich (IKP) HV Electron cooler GSI/FAIR SC dipoles for Booster/SIS-100 SC dipoles for Collider/SIS-300 (?) BNL (RHIC) Stoch. Cooling Fermilab HV Electron cooler

16. Kinetic calculations (QGSM)‏ Phase Diagram Yu.Ivanov, V.Russkikh,V.Toneev, 2005 MPD Letter of Intend RHIC,SPS,FAIR, NICA FAIR and NICA  s =9 GeV  s =9 GeV Critical points M.Stephanov, 2006 J.Randrup, J.Cleymans, 2006

17. Discontinuty of A = A II λ + A II (1 - λ) originates from discontinuty of λ = V II / V A mixed phase in different representations λ =0 λ=1 λ=0 λ=1 0<λ<1 Critical end-point => critical end-line => critical end-boundary hypersurface !? 0<λ<1 λ=1 λ=0 λ=1 T T μ=const.ρ=const.

18. Collapse of the directed flow (?)‏ Yu.Ivanov, E.Nikonov, W.Noerenberg, A.Shanenko, V.Toneev, Heavy Ion Physics 15 (2002) 117. Two-fluid hydro, EoS with crossover phase transition. H.Stoecker, arXiv:0710.5089 H.Stoecker, Nucl. Phys. A750 (2005) 121. One-fluid hydro, EoS with the first order phase transition. first not high statistics data (stars): NA49 collaboration, Phys. Rev. C68 (2003) 034903 a linear extrapolation of the AGS data indicates a collapse of the directed proton flow at E lab ≈ 30 AGeV

19. RHIC, SPS, FAIR, NICA

20. The NICA/MPD Physics Program Study of in-medium properties of hadrons and nuclear matter equation of state, including a search for possible signs of deconfinement and/or chiral symmetry restoration phase transitions and QCD critical endpoint Experimental observables: Scanning in beam energy and centrality of excitation functions for ♣ Multiplicity and global characteristics of identified hadrons including (multi)strange particles ♣ Fluctuations in multiplicity and transverse momenta ♣ Directed and elliptic flows for various indentified hadrons ♣ particle correlations ♣ Dileptons and photons NICA general layout MPD conceptual design The role of strangeness in hot nuclear matter will be a central aspect of the future NICA scientific program http://nica.jinr.ru

21. MPD conceptual design Inner Tracker (IT) - silicon strip detector / micromegas for tracking close to the interaction region. Barrel Tracker (BT) - TPC + Straw (for tagging) for tracking & precise momentum measurement in the region -1 <  < 1 End Cap Tracker (ECT) - Straw (radial) for tracking & p-measurement at |  | > 1 Time of Flight (TOF) - RPC (+ start/stop sys.) to measure Time of Flight for charged particle identification. Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC) for  0 reconstruction & electron/positron identification. Beam-Beam Counters (BBC) to define centrality (& interaction point). Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) for centrality definition. MPD basic geometry Acceptances for MPD

22.  Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  Institute for Nuclear Research Russian Academy of Science  Bogolyubov Institute of Theoretical Physics, NASUk  Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lomonosov MSU, RF  Institute of Apllied Physics, Academy of Science Moldova  Open for extension … MPD – Collaboration A consortium involving GSI, JINR & other centers for IT module development & production is at the organizational stage http://nica.jinr.ru Signed MoU with GSI in July 2008

23. Spin Physics at NICA Preliminary topics:  Drell-Yan processes with L&T polarized p & D beams: extraction of unknown (poor known) PDF  PDFs from J/y production processes  Spin effects in baryon, meson and photon productions  Spin effects in various exclusive reactions  Diffractive processes  Cross sections, helicity amplitudes & double spin asymmetries (Krisch effect) in elastic reactions  Spectroscopy of quarkoniums with any available decay modes  Polarimetry EMC, 1987

24. Round Table Discussions Round Table Discussion I Searching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting matter at the JINR Nuclotron July 7 - 9, 2005 http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2005/roundtable/ Round Table Discussion II Searching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting matter at the JINR Nuclotron: Nuclotron facility development JINR, Dubna, October 6-7, 2006 http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2006/roundtable/ Round Table Discussion III Searching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting QCD matter at the NICA/MPD JINR (Dubna), end 2008 http://nica.jinr.ru NICANICA MPDMPD Welcome to the collaboration! Thank you for attention!

25. Experiments on DY measurements ExperimentStatusRemarks E615Finished Only unpolarized DY NA10Finished E886Running RHICRunning Detector upgrade for DY measurements (collider) PAX Plan > 2016 Problem with polarization (collider) COMPASS Plan > 2010 Only valence PDFs J-PARC Plan > 2011 low s (60-100 GeV 2 ), only unpolarized proton beam SPASCHARMNICAPlan? Plan 2014 s ~ 140 GeV 2 for unpolarized proton beam s ~ 670 GeV 2 for polarized proton beams, high luminosity (collider)

26. Preliminary estimations of the DY processes feasibility (first stage) DY cross sections (nb) in comparison with PAX (GSI,FAIR) and possibility to increase the statistics (month of data taking)

27. Preliminary estimations of J/Y statistics in comparison with DY statistics

28. Nikola Camille Flammarion (1888)

29. NICA T NBNB Round Table Discussion Dubna, July 7-9, 2005 http://theor.jinr.ru/meetings/2005/roundtable/ www.gsi.de/documents/DOC-2004-Mar-196-2.pdf and Gluons RHIC,SPS,NICA,FAIR Mixed phase

30. BNL’s experts visit VBLHEP: Prof. S.Ozaki and Prof. M.Harrison at the KRION test bench

31. VBLHEP ground 31

32. 2.3 m 4.0 m ParameterProject Status (March 2008) 1. Circumference, m251.5 2. Maximum B-field, T2.05 1.5 3. Max. magn. rigidity, T  m45 33 4. Cycle duration, s2.0 5.0 5. B-field ramp, T/s2.01.0 6. Accelerated particlesp–U, p , d  p-Fe, d  7. Max. energy, GeV/u12.6(p), 4.36( 238 U 92+ ) 4.1(d), [3.0( 238 U 92+ )] 6. Intensity, ions/cycle 1  10 11 (p), 1  10 9 (A/Z = 2) 1  10 11 (p), 1  10 6 (Fe 24+ ) 2  10 8 (d  ) Nuclotron Parameters