1. GPS and Navigation Subject Topics: Geography, Geometry and Trigonometry

2. GPS and Navigation 1. What do you know about GPS? 2. Have you used a GPS? How? 3. What does GPS stand for? 4. How do you think GPS works? What is involved?

3. Early Greek Contributions to Navigation

4. GPS and Navigation 5. How have humans navigated their world, in the past, and in the present?

5. Click on each symbol or banner to go to their websites to learn more. Department of Defense There’s a lot that goes into GPS. Here are some of the organizations involved: US Naval Observatory The Nat. Geodetic Survey is responsible for maintaining the National Spatial Reference System and the Continuously Operating Reference Station network. The home of the discovery of GPS and research operations for the Navy.

6. What is a CORS? Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) A permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, antenna (with a surveyed reference position), and support equipment

7. Can you find your nearest CORS Location? Click Here to Find Them. The US Geodetic Survey Runs the Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network across N. America. Our Nearest Stations Are:

8. Satellites GPS works because of Satellites!! A Satellite is an artificial object that has been put into orbit Used for a large number of purposes: Earth Observation Communication Weather research

9. What Satellites are Overhead Right Now? Click the satellite picture to find out. How Do Satellites and GPS units communicate? 31 satellites Radio Waves (mechanical waves) Atomic clocks and accurate time Geodesy (the science of accuratly measuring and understanding the earth’s geometric shape, orientation in space, and gravity field) Mathematical equations

10. Distance (D)= time it takes the satellite radio wave to travel (T) x Speed of light (300 km/ms) or D=T x (300/ km/ms) How long does it take a radio signal from a satellites to reach your GPS unit?

11. GPS and Navigation How does it work? Watch the following video. Your teacher will stop it for you every minute. Take notes about what you see. Be sure to include: Question 6 How does a GPS work? What are satellites? How many are there?

13. GPS and Navigation How does it work? Watch the following video. Your teacher will stop it for you every minute. Take notes about what you see. Be sure to include: Question 7 What’s the big event happening? Tell 3 ways this will help you. 2 new facts you learned about GPS

15. Trilateration Now that you’ve watched a few videos… 8. Explain what is Trilateration?

16. Longitude and Latitude http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/lessons/plot_course.html There are 60 minutes per degree of longitude or latitude, written as ('), and there are 60 seconds per minute ("). 0° latitude 90° latitude (+) 90° latitude (-) If you were looking at the top of the Earth, from the North Pole, much like looking down at the face of a clock, fill in the degrees of longitude on the diagram below starting with the prime meridian (0°) at 6 o’clock.

17. 9. What is an additional question you have about GPS after watching the quick videos? 10. List 4 ways you or anyone could use a GPS. 11. Why would the US Military create the GPS system?

18. GIS A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface. GIS can show many different kinds of data on one map. This enables people to more easily see, analyze, and understand patterns and relationship

19. GIS: What is it? How does it work? Watch the following video. Your teacher will stop it for you every minute. Take notes about what you see. Be sure to include: 12. What does GIS stand for? 13. How is it used? 14. 2 more new facts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZFmAAHBfOU

21. Cartographer

22. 14. What is a cartographer? 15. Give 3 examples of what a Cartographer does. 16. Would you want to be a cartographer? Why or why not?

23. 911 Service & GIS http://m.urgentcomm.com/ng-911/gis-will- become-hero-911-says-apco-panelist How is GIS being used to help 911 service?