1. The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
Chapter 6 Section 4

2. Chapter Review What did they use to make their statues more lifelike?
Another name for the sin of pride
What did Alexander spread wherever he marched?
What was Alexander's ultimate goal?
Who was Socrates student?

3. Learning and Commerce
Alexander’s conquest spread Greek culture to the Nile valley, Southwest Asia, and the lands that bordered India
This influence lasted in these areas long after the death of Alexander
Hellenistic society had contained a small group of wealthy people and a large group of poor people and few middle class
{The spread of the Hellenistic culture brought wealth to the middle class}

4. Random picture

5. Commerce and Learning
Most people prospered from trade which was centered around the major cities
Alexandria of Egypt (named after Alexander) became the largest Hellenistic city and commercial center
The trade routes spread to China, India, and Arabia
The cities became centers for learning as well as trade
The Library at Alexandria Egypt contained thousands of scrolls that contained much of the worlds knowledge up to that time

7. Women and Culture As people thrived they also became better educated
Old values faded and new values brought better lifestyles for women
Women gained rights regarding property and began to appear more in public
The Greeks began to consider any Hellenized Egyptian or Syrian as Greek
The Ideas of the Greeks regarding these people as “barbarians” changes

9. Religion and Philosophy
In the large urban civilization of Hellenistic kingdoms the Greek concept of the polis declined
This caused people to feel that they had lost control over their lives
This caused people to turn to new religions and philosophies
Hellenistic leaders in Africa and Asia encouraged the practice of ruler worship
The role of the polis was replaced with a monarch

10. Religion Many people turned to these authority figures for guidance
Some also turned to so-called mystery religions which were cults that introduced worshipers to secret teachings or mysteries
This usually had to do with life after death and immortality
The rituals of the mystery religions provided the members with a feeling of unity, security, and personal worth

11. Philosophy Some turned to philosophy for understanding
These philosophers were mainly concerned with ethics
There were four chief schools of Philosophy that existed
Cynicism, Skepticism, Stoicism, and Epicureanism
The Next picture are some Greek philosophers they are not necessarily responsible for these philosophies

13. Cynics thought that people should live simply and naturally
Skeptics thought that all knowledge is uncertain because of the ever changing universe
Stoics believed that every person had a “spark” of the divine within you achieve happiness by following that spark within
Epicurean philosophy was about seeking pleasure and avoiding pain (you avoid pain by limiting pleasure)

14. Another random picture

15. Math and Physics
The Greeks became outstanding in science and mathematics
Euclid contributed to the development of geometry showing how geometric statements flow logically from one to another
This is the basis for modern geometry books
{Archimedes was probably the greatest scientist of the Hellenistic period
He calculated the value of pi,} the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter

16. Archimedes He used math to explain how levers work
He invented many machines, including the compound pulley, and the Archimedes screw

17. Science {Hellenistic doctors gained knowledge from the Egyptians}
They learned from the Egyptian art of embalming which examine and catalogs the parts of the human bodies
To learn more they studied the bodies of executed criminals
They were able to conclude that the brain was the center of the nervous system
They were able to perform delicate surgery

18. Astronomy and geography
Hellenistic scientists made significant advances in astronomy when they gained knowledge of the Egyptians and Babylonians
They used geometry to track the movement of the stars
Aristarchus correctly guessed the Earth moved around the sun but could not convince others
They used the sun and moon to calculate the length of a year
{Eratosthenes calculated the distance around the Earth}

20. Section review
The Hellenistic culture brought what to the middle class?
Hellenistic doctors gained knowledge from what other civilization?
Eratosthenes calculated the distance around __________?
He calculated the value of pi

21. Some TAKS Review
We are adding some TAKS review to help you on the Benchmarks
The following are the common types of questions you are going to find on the TAKS test
Read the question and keep the answer in your head
We will then discuss the question and answer it together

22. A loss of power among peasants B increase of royal authority
5 During the Middle Ages, the most direct effect of the printing press in Europe was the
A loss of power among peasants
B increase of royal authority
C rapid spread of new ideas
D limited use of books in universities
Answer C
Obj 2 _W.23A TAKS April 2006._gr10 22

23. 14 John Locke’s philosophy of natural rights
asserts that all people have certain basic
rights from birth. In the Declaration of
Independence, these rights are referred to
as —
F political rights
G unalienable rights
H states’ rights
J women’s rights
Answer G
Obj 4_8.20A TAKS April 2006._gr10 23

24. 18 Following the battles of Lexington and
Concord in 1775, the Second Continental
Congress created the Continental army. The
commander in charge of uniting American
militias under this new army was —
F Baron von Steuben
G Benjamin Franklin
H Thomas Jefferson
J George Washington
Answer J
Obj 1_8.4B TAKS April 2006._gr10 24

25. The firing on Fort Sumter on April 12,
1861, was the first armed conflict of
the —
A Revolutionary War
B Civil War
C Seven Years War
D Mexican War
Answer B
Obj 1_8.1C TAKS April 2006._gr10 25

26. 25 One factor that enabled the growth of
independent colonial government in
British North America was the —
A lack of social and economic
provisions in the charters
B creation of wealth through the
development of industry
C difficulty of exercising governmental
control from a distance
D extensive cooperation between native
peoples and settlers
Answer C
Obj 4_8.3ATAKS April 2006._gr10 26

27. 29 Under the constitutional principle of popular
sovereignty, the authority of government is
derived from —
A state legislatures
B the U.S. Supreme Court
C acts of the U.S. Congress
D the will of the people
Answer D
Obj 4_8.16B TAKS April 2006._gr10 27

28. The End

29. Review and test next time!