1. Chapter 5 Crime and Violence

2. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nature of Crime A crime is an act or omission of an act for which the state can apply a sanction. –Criminal Law prohibits certain acts and [prescribes the punishment –Civil law deals with noncriminal acts in which one person injures another; these are mediated by the state.

3. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Nature of Crime Is there more or less crime in the U.S than there was 5 years a go? Perceptions of Crime and crime rates….

4. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Violent Crime Rates What is problematic about the way we count and present crime statistics?

5. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The Nature of Crime Police discretion Problems of accuracy Victimization reports

6. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 5-3: Crime Index Offenses Figure 5-4: The Crime Clock

7. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Types of Crimes and Criminals Violent Personal Crimes Types of Criminal homicide –Murder –Manslaughter Mass Murderers and Serial Killers

9. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 5-5: Murder by Relationship; Figure 5-6: Situations Police Officers Were Killed in the Line of Duty

10. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of Crimes and Criminals Occasional property crimes Occupational (White-Collar) Crimes –Differential association Embezzlement Fraud –The Ponzi Scheme –Cybercrime Corporate Crimes Deregulation and Lax Enforcement

11. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of Crimes and Criminals Public-Order Crimes Organized Crime –Organized Crime and Corruption Conventional and Professional Crimes –Cybercrime –Identity Theft Juvenile Delinquency

12. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Causes of Crime & Violence Biological Explanations of Crime Biology, Violence, and Criminality Gender and Crime Age and Crime Sociological Explanations of Crime

13. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 5-10 & 11: Total Arrests, by Sex, Race, and Area; Arrests per 100,000 Juveniles Ages 10–17

14. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 5-12 & 13: Inequality & Crime; Homicide Rates in Death Penalty & Non-Death-Penalty States

15. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Gangs, Guns, & Violent Death; Causes of Crime & Violence –Conflict Approaches to the Study of Crime Inequality and Crime –Cross-Cultural Research Race and Crime; racial Profiling –The Functionalist View: Anomie Theory –Interactionist Approaches: Differential Association and Delinquent Subcultures

16. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 5–9 Death Rates from Firearms

17. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Controlling Crime Retribution-Deterrence Rehabilitation Prevention –Harm Reduction and Juvenile Diversion Mandatory Sentencing Arrest and Incarceration

18. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Controlling Crime –The Prison Paradox; Racial Disparities in Sentencing; Alternatives to Incarceration Occupational and Corporate Crimes Organized Crime Public-Order & Juvenile-Justice Reforms Gun Control Future Prospects

19. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 5-14 & 15: State & Federal Prisoners; Incarceration Rates