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Chapter4,Sec.3 The Revolutionary War is on!
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The Declaration of Independence Signed at the war’s start, not at the end The main idea is to justify a revolution that has already begun The people that will gain the most from this will be upper class white businessmen and land owners
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Key points of the Declaration The King is called a tyrant-pretty much describes all monarchies Our personal rights/freedoms have been denied Taxation with out representation You restrict our ability to meet Military presence in the colonies
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Key points-cont. England cut off their trade(Intolerable Acts) We were at peace-King’s fault! It appeals to the “ common people” in England-We are reluctant to break our bonds with you Jefferson “regrets” taking out slavery part of Declaration-but it had to be removed to get a unanimous vote
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Abigail Adams All men would be tyrants if allowed Do not be like your ancestors You dominate your wives,own slaves You better watch out! All men are created equal- as long as you are not black,an Indian,or a woman
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Let’s Get Ready to Rumble!!!! The heavyweight world power vs. the undermanned,ill-equipped challenger
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The World Power-England Pop. 10,000,000 World Empire Organized,well equipped army Control ports Huge navy Weak,pompous leaders Far from home
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The Challenger-America Pop.2,500,000 Militia-type army Determined,but badly disorganized Not a lot of resources Great,inspired leaders Possible allies in France/Spain-why?
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The War in the Middle States Summer-1776-Britain decides to seize N.Y.C. Cut N.E. off from rest of the colonies Gen. Wm. Howe, Adm.R. Howe,32,000 troops sail into N.Y. harbor Army will include mercenaries(paid to fight) Hessians(from Hesse,Germany)
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Middle states,cont. Washington and his 23,000 untrained,ill- equipped troops are soundly defeated Washington’s army(what’s left of it) are pushed across the Delaware River Only 8,000 men are left
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Battle of Trenton Dec.25,1776 Washington leads 2,400 men across nearly frozen Delaware R. in small boats They march 9 miles to Trenton,N.J.,surprise the hung-over Hessians,capture 900men,6 cannons 8 days later subdue 1200 British in Princeton,N.J. Make camp in no. N.J. encouraged,confident
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Fight for Philadelphia 1777 Gen. Howe(ENG) Wants Phil.,American capital He succeeds,settles in,Loyalists welcome him
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Saratoga Gen. Burgoyne(ENG) wants to attack from the north,from Quebec Plans to meet up with Gen. Howe in Albany,N.Y.-goal is to isolate N.E. His 4,000 men,3,000 mercenaries,1,000 Mohawks,will get bogged down in swamps, underbrush
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Saratoga,cont. He will be attacked by Gen.Gates(AMR) and the continental army They keep attacking, British are losing hundreds in every battle AND….His pal, Gen. Howe is in Phil. And not coming to help him 1777-Amer. Army surrounds Burgoyne at Saratoga and he will surrender From this point on,British will keep troops close to the coast,near supplies,guns
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Remember that French/Indian War? Nov.1778 French secretly supplying the patriots The victory at Saratoga makes France believers! They support the revolution,sign a treaty of co-op They will not be at peace w/France until Britain recognize Am. independence
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Valley Forge, Pa. This is the low point for continental army French aid slow to arrive-why? Cont. army-cold,hungry,frostbite,much suffering British troops,in Phil., warm,well fed 10,000 amer. Troops,2,000 will die
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George Washington 6’2” Great horseman Would face fire alongside his men Endure cold,hardship-just like his men did Great tactician-sm.army could defeat larger force He will be idolized at war’s end
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Financing the War Like all wars,citizens will suffer also Gov’t. runs out of gold,silver Print paper money,more and more Value of paper $ goes down, prices go up- this is what we call inflation Britain blockades the coast
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Finances,cont. Americans have few factories that can make guns,ammo Need to smuggle arms from Europe PROFITEERING-The act of selling scarce goods for profit Merchants will hoard goods,sell bad products
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1781 Robert Morris Appointed Superintendent of finance Haym Salomon-his friend Both rich,they raise $ to pay soldiers in gold
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Women Fighters Everyday life left to women(who of course are not “equal”) they manage farms. business, etc. Follow their men to battles-cook.sew,etc. Make ammo from metal in their houses Some risk their lives on battlefield
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Africans,slaves,natives Some slaves will escape,pass as free in cities Some will fight for patriots Some will join natives Most natives will stay out of the way
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