1. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Introduction to Computer Systems

2. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Objectives Students should: Be familiar with computer components and understand their main functionalities. Be able to conceptually explain how to solve problems using computers.

3. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Computers A machine capable of automatically processing data according to instruction lists given. Computer

4. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Data Processing Arithmetic Operations Logical Comparison Transmitting Info. Receiving Info. Storing Info. and etc ……

5. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Benefits work fast. work consistently. remember a lot of stuffs. are loyal. work hard. Computers

6. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY But… Computers DO NOT THINK!!. Computers work as instructed. Right on, sir! Programs are needed!

7. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Many Forms of Computers Desktop ComputerNotebook ComputerTablet Embedded Computer PDA Game Console

8. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY What Computers Do InputOutputMemory Processor data

9. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Computer Components Hardware: Electronic devices and mechanical parts. Software: Instructions Information or messages that do not directly control computer hardware are considered “Data”.

10. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Hardware 3 groups according to functionalities: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory Input/Output (I/O)

11. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY CPU The “brain” of a computer. responsible for execute given instructions. arithmetic & logical processing control other hardware Intel  Pentium  M, Intel  Core TM Solo, Intel  Core TM Duo, Intel  Core TM 2 Duo, AMD Athlon TM 64, AMD Opteron TM, Sun UltraSPARC, PowerPC etc.

12. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Memory store data and program. 2 types: –Main memory Temporary storage (e.g. current program) Faster More expensive –Secondary storage Store data Slower Cheaper

13. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Memory Main Memory: RAM Secondary Storage: – Floppy disks – Hard Disk Drives – Compact Disc (CD) such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, etc. – Digital Video Disc (DVD) such as DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, etc. – flash memory devices

14. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY I/O Input devices take data into computer systems. –Keyboard, mouse, joystick etc. Output devices provide data to outside of the systems. –Monitor, printer etc. Some devices act as both. –Touch-screen monitor, etc. Devices that transmit data are also considered I/O.

15. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Data of Many Forms mechanical output sound input/output

16. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Software a set of instructions that used for controlling computer hardware. Hardware System software Application software User

17. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Applications vs. System SWs Application software is a program that helps user in accomplishing specific tasks productively. – word processors – spreadsheet – games – instant messenger – etc.

18. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Applications

19. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Applications vs. System SWs System software is a program that is not directly intended to help accomplishing the user’s task but supports other application software. – operating systems – system tools (e.g. antivirus, archiving tools, disk defragmenter) – software development tools (e.g. compiler, debugger, integrated development environment suite).

20. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Binary Code Programs and data are represented using “ binary code ”  String of binary digits For example: 0010 1001 1010 0111 Each binary digit = one bit eight bits = one byte The simplest building block of a computer is a switch.  ‘on’ / ‘off’ state

21. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Binary  Decimal Conversion 1 0 0 1 2 1  2 3 + 0  2 2 + 0  2 1 + 1  2 0 =8+0+0+1 =9 n2n2n 01 12 24 38 416 532 664 7128 8256 n2n2n 9512 101024 112048 124096 :: :: :: :: ::

22. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Decimal  Binary Conversion n2n2n 01 12 24 38 416 532 664 7128 8256 n2n2n 9512 101024 112048 124096 :: :: :: :: :: 3 0 7 10 =256+32+16+2+1 =1  2 8 +1  2 5 + 1  2 4 + 1  2 1 +1  2 0 =100110011 2

23. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Units of Measure PrefixPower of twoValue kilo (K)2 10 1,024 mega (M)2 20 1,048,576 giga (G)2 30 1,073,741,824 tera (T)2 40 1,099,511,627,776 E.g.: The capacity 1 gigabyte (Gb) equals to 1,073,741,824 bytes

24. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Problem Solving using Comp. Problem Defining Analysis Design Implementation Testing

25. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Problem Solving using Comp. Problem Defining Analysis Design Implementation Testing Understand what to be solved.

26. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Problem Solving using Comp. Problem Defining Analysis Design Implementation Testing Determine inputs, outputs, and relevant factors.

27. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Problem Solving using Comp. Problem Defining Analysis Design Implementation Testing Provide detailed process from inputs to outputs.

28. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Problem Solving using Comp. Problem Defining Analysis Design Implementation Testing Write code.

29. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Problem Solving using Comp. Problem Defining Analysis Design Implementation Testing Make sure the program deliver correct result. Fix “ bugs”.

30. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Example Problem defining: Find the amount of electrical current flowing through a resistant of R ohm when the circuit is driven a power source of 220 volts. V + - 220 volts R I

31. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Example Analysis: R is input by the user via keyboard. The voltage is fixed at 220 volts. The resulting current I will be shown on screen. Design: The current can be calculated from I = V / R

32. Department of Computer Engineering 2140101 Computer Programming for International Engineers I NTERNATIONAL S CHOOL OF E NGINEERING C HULALONGKORN U NIVERSITY Example Implementation: Write the code. Testing: