2. 2. While + S 1 + V 1..., S 2 + V 2.... 1. Until..., S + Aux not V/Be not.... S + Aux not V/Be not... until....

3. Example: 1. Until recent years, you didn’t think much about water. 2. We were not aware of the importance of water until there was a severe drought. 1. Until..., S + Aux not V/Be not.... S + Aux not V/Be not... until....

4. Exercise A Rewrite the following sentences with the words given, using the pattern above. 1. We can leave. (10 o’clock) Until 10 o’clock, we can’t leave./We can’t leave until 10 o’clock.

5. 2. People were health-conscious. (these/year) Until these years, people were not health-conscious./People were not health-conscious until these years.

6. 3. Anne realized how little she had learned. (take/exam) Until she took the exam, Anne didn’t realize how little she had learned./Anne didn’t realize how little she had learned until she took the exam.

7. 4. We appreciate the value of health. (we/sick) Until we are sick, we don’t appreciate the value of health./We don’t appreciate the value of health until we are sick.

8. 5. I studied English. (went/junior high school) Until I went to junior high school, I didn’t study English./I didn’t study English until I went to junior high school. Back

9. Exercise B Poor John is going to tell us a sad love story. Use the pattern above and the words given to rewrite the following sentences. Then you will find out what happened to him and his ex-girlfriend. 1. We knew each other. (two years ago) Until two years ago, we didn ’ t know each other./We didn ’ t know each other until two years ago.

10. 2. We fell in love. (last year) Until last year, we didn ’ t fall in love./We didn ’ t fall in love until last year. 3. I realized how much I loved her. (she/leave/me) Until she left me, I didn ’ t realize how much I loved her./I didn ’ t realize how much I loved her until she left me.

11. Until I received an invitation, I didn ’ t know she would marry another man./I didn ’ t know she would marry another man until I received an invitation. 4. I thought we would break up. (get/letter) Until I got a letter, I didn ’ t think we would break up./I didn ’ t think we would break up until I got a letter. 5. I knew she would marry another man. (receive/invitation)

12. Example: It is hard to prove that global warming has caused specific climate changes, but it is certainly one possible factor. → While it is hard to prove that global warming has caused specific climate changes, it is certainly one possible factor. 2. While + S 1 + V 1..., S 2 + V 2....

13. Match the items in the left box with those in the right box by using the pattern above. Exercise A: 1. Industrialization has brought great wealth to the country. 2. The result was not satisfactory. ˙We must judge the truth of the information carefully. ˙There are some others with educational purposes.

14. 3. The Internet provides us with all kinds of information. 4. The educational reform has some disadvantages. 5. It is true that some movies are filled with sex and violence. ˙It was acceptable. ˙It has also brought about pollution problems. ˙It provides more opportunities for young people who want to go to college.

15. 1. While industrialization has brought great wealth to the country, it has also brought about pollution problems. 2. While the result was not satisfactory, it was acceptable. 3. While the Internet provides us with all kinds of information, we must judge the truth of the information carefully.

16. 4. While the educational reform has some disadvantages, it provides more opportunities for young people who wants to go to college. 5. While it is true that some movies are filled with sex and violence, there are some others with educational purposes.

17. Exercise B Jessica is going to tell us something about her grandfather who died ten years ago. Make sentences with the words given and the pattern above. You will find out what she is going to say. 1. Grandpa/gifted/artist; never/rise to fame While Grandpa was a gifted artist, he never rose to fame.

18. While Grandma was constantly complaining about Grandpa ’ s work, I knew she really supported him. 2. his/painting/not/masterpiece;draw/some/ attention/the public While his paintings were not masterpieces, they drew some attention from the public. 3. Grandma/constantly/complaining/ Grandpa’s work; I/know/she/really/ support/him

19. You’ve really done a good job! Give yourself some applause!!! Back While he had not been successful as an artist, he had been a good husband and grandpa. 4. he/had/not/successful/as/artist; been/good /husband/grandpa