2. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDONESIA PART 1B: TSUNAMIS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMIS FLOODS CYCLONES VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE

4. TSUNAMIS TSUNAMIS CAN ACCOMPANY LARGE SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES GENERATED AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX INTERACTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND EURASIATECTONIC PLATES

5. TECTONIC PLATES

6. INDONESIA

7. REGIONAL TECTONICS The Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates meet in Indonesia, creating a tectonic setting that generates earthquakes and volcanoes.

8. REGIONAL TECTONICS The Indo-Australian plate is moving northward while being subducted under the Eurasian plate creating a zone marked by a submarine trench that can be traced from the northern tip of Sumatra to the Lesser Islands.

9. SUBDUCTION ZONE

10. INDONESIA’S SEISMICITY

11. INDONESIA’SCOMMUNITIESINDONESIA’SCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS TSUNAMI HAZARDS PEOPLE & BLDGS. VULNERABILITY LOCATION TSUNAMI RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: TSUNAMI DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

12. INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING EARTHQUAKES SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

13. HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF INCOMING WAVES TSUNAMIS INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEM FLOODING INADEQUATE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL EVACUATION PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI CAUSES OF LOSS “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

14. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TSUNAMIS. DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM- ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

15. INDONESIA’S MOST NOTABLE TSUNAMI DISASTER The Great Sumatra Earthquake -Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster December 26, 2004

16. LOCATION

19. BEFORE AND AFTER THE DISASTER SOURCE OF IMAGES: SPACE IMAGING/CRISP-SINGAPORE NOTE: A TSUNAMI TRAVELS AT SPEEDS OF ABOUT 800 KM/HR IN THE DEEP OCEAN

20. BEFORE DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

21. AFTER DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

22. BEFORE DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

23. AFTER DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

24. BEFORE DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

25. AFTER DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

26. BEFORE DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

27. AFTER DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI

28. THE TSUNAMI THE EXISTING INDIAN OCEAN WARNING SYSTEM WAS INADEQUATE; SO EVACUATION DID NOT HAPPEN.

29. THE TSUNAMI TSUNAMI WAVES WITH WAVE HEIGHTS OF 4 TO 10 M AND INLAND RUNUP OF 3.3 KM OR MORE REACHED THE COASTS OF ALL INDIAN OCEAN NATIONS- - - WHOSE PEOPLE WERE UNEVACUATED AND UNPREPARED

30. IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER AS MANY AS 220,000 PEOPLE KILLED (120,000 IN INDONESIA) --- AND 500,000 INJURED

31. IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER URGENT NEED FOR FOOD, WATER, AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES TO PREVENT “A HEALTH-CARE DISASTER AFTER THE TSUNAMI DISASTER”

32. IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER MILLIONS DISPLACED FROM HOMES

33. IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEEDED FOR RESPONSE, RECOVERY, AND RECONSTRUCTION

34. IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER INTERNATIONAL AID WAS COORDINATED BY UN, USA, INDIA, AUSTRALIA, & JAPAN

35. POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR TSUNAMIS TSUNAMISTSUNAMIS EXPECTED LOSS