1. By: Gordon Verdugo

2. Motivations were to restore the Holy City of Jerusalem to Christian control Muslims were in control of Jerusalem at the time Considered the Holy City because it is where Jesus was buried, many Christians went there on pilgrimages Pope called for crusaders to take up holy journey Crusaders went seeking virtue and holiness, a sacrifice to God Some were seeking personal glory(was noble, honorable) Some went because of peer or family pressure Some were seeking gold and riches Some wanted adventure Some went to spill blood and be knights

3. It was in Jerusalem Christians went to recover the Holy Sepulcher It was a tomb where Jesus was buried Started in 1095 AD Ended in 1099 AD Peasants started another Crusade army They had their first success in 1097 Nobles and Knights arrived late Many peasants were killed or taken captive A military pilgrimage

4. Muslims conquered town of Edessa New Crusade called by Bernard of Clairvaux Bernard was mad at the murder and violence toward jews French and German armies failed to win major battles Main enemy of crusaders was Nor Ad-Din Zingy Crusaders allied with Portuguese Raymond Berenguer conquered Tortosa Germans and Danes attacked Wends This was also unsuccessful Afonso the 1 of Portugal retook Lisbon from Muslims

5. Sultan of Egypt took Jerusalem in 1187 Thousands of people were sold into slavery Pope Gregory the VIII sent the Third Crusade It was led by Phillip of France Richard of England Frederick the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick died in 1194 This made French and England eneven Richard captured an island The Island Served as a crusade base

6. Many new weapons were created during this time Crusaders learned of sieges when fighting the Sara Cens Ballista- very big crossbow Man gonel- missiles launched from bucket Trebuchet- lever and sling, could throw 200 pound rocks Siege tower- had 4 wheels, equal to wall height, used for protection Very expensive to make these weapons Would bring carpenters and black smiths along Soldiers had to help make weapons

7. 1235-1241 A.D. Began by Pope Gregory IX Wanted to stop Christian heresy in Latin Greece Wanted to defend now Christian city of Constantinople Knights were accompanied by 5-6 aides each Went to battle against Turks Turks are enemies of Christians Pope Urban promised glory and riches to knights Leader with the most motivation was count Raymond of Toulouse Raymond called for the crusade himself

8. Peter Bartholomew had a dream that changed history He was a lowly soldier He dreamt that an apostle told him that GOD was angry GOD would forgive them though He gave them a sign That people would have the same dreams that Peter had Raymond of Toulouse had Peter and some priests dig for the lance They dug under an old church There they found a rusty lance, it was the Holy Lance It was surprising because it was already claimed that a holy lance had been found previously

9. There was a lack of food during crusades They could grow their own grain but not much else Agriculture was bad One of the greatest things they found was sugar Balm was imported and used in church services Balm is an herb When muslims were attacked they destroyed agricultural infrastructure around city This caused difficulty for crusaders because it was hard to find food Europeans enjoyed many Muslim foods

10. Ended at the end of the 13 th Century In 1244 A.D. the holy city belongs to Muslims again Have never let control of city go since then Last Christian post was lost in 1291 A.D. Knights still kept important islands like Cyprus and Rhodes This kept Muslims from spreading to Mediterranean Crusades were a huge failure Wasted many lives and much money Solved nothing in the end The reason why they gave up after 200 years was because they lost faith and grew tired

11. Author unknown. “End of the Medieval Crusades”. Middle-ages.org.uk. http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/end-of-medieval-crusades.htm Date accessed 5/17/10 Date accessed5/17/10. http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/end-of-medieval-crusades.htm Date accessed 5/17/10 Author unknown. “Food in the Medieval Period”. Eating in Jerusalem of the Crusader Period. http://www.jeru.huji.ac.iwef41.htm Date accessed 5/17/2010.http://www.jeru.huji.ac.iwef41.htm Author unknown. “Fourth Crusade”. Wikimedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#fourth_crusade. Date accessed 5/11/10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#fourth_crusade Author unknown. “Second Crusade”. Wikimedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#second_crusade_. Date accessed 5/10/10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#second_crusade_ Author unknown. “Siege weapons of the Crusades”. Middle-ages.org.uk. www.middle- ages.org.uk/siege-weapons.htm Date accessed 5/10/10.www.middle- ages.org.uk/siege-weapons.htm Author unknown. “Third Crusade”. Wikimedia.org. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#third_crusade. Date accessed 5/11/10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crusades#third_crusade Beil, Timothy. The Crusades. “The Crusader’s Motivations.” Lucent Books, San Diego. Beil, Timothy. The Crusades. “The Leaders of the Baron’s Crusade.” Lucent Books, San Diego. Beil, Timothy. The Crusades. “The Miracle of the Holy Lance.” Lucent Books, San Diego. Jordan, William. The Middle Ages. “The First Crusade”. Scribner & Sons. New York.

13.  A ballista is a very big crossbow  Bernard of Clairvaux was mad at treatment of Norwegians  The Holy Sepulchre was a holy sword  The first Crusade was a military pilgrimage to Jersalem  The Crusades lasted for three hundred years  Some knights went to seek glory  Peter Bartholmew was a famous knight  Turks were allies with Christians  The Crusades came to an end at the end of the 13 th century  Agriculture was difficult for Crusaders

14. True False True False True False True