1. Keeping Your Body Healthy - Cardiovascular System -
Lesson 19
p.208

2. Goals/Objectives
Identify parts and functions of the cardiovascular system.
Identify behaviors to keep your cardiovascular system healthy.

3. Key Terms Cardiovascular system Nervous system Immune system
Respiratory system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Endocrine system
Digestive system
Integumentary system
Urinary system

4. Body Systems
Your body is made up of cells, tissues, and organs that form body systems.
A cell is the smallest living part of the body.
An organ is a body part consisting of several kinds of tissue that do particular jobs.
A body system is a group of organs that work together to perform a main body function.

5. Cardiovascular System
The body system that transports nutrients, gases, hormones, and cellular waste products throughout the body is the cardiovascular system.
consists of the blood, blood vessels, and the heart

6. Blood
Your blood carries nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste products to and from your body cells.
Average sized adult has about 10 pints of blood
Blood is composed of plasma and blood cells
Plasma is the liquid component of blood (about 95% water)
Plasmas contains red and white blood cells and particles called platelets
Platelets helps the blood clot to stop bleeding when vessels are injured

7. White vs Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells transport oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide from body cells.
Contains hemoglobin (iron-rich protein that helps transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood).
New cells are constantly produced in bone marrow
White blood cells attack, surround, and destroy pathogens that enter the body and prevents infection.
Pathogen is a germ that causes disease
Number of white cells increases with an infection

8. 3 major types of blood vessels:
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

9. Blood Vessels
Artery
Artery Cross Section
Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue

10. Arteries Artery carries blood away from the heart
Have thick muscular walls that move blood between heartbeats
Coronary artery supplies nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle
Pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs, where it absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

11. Veins & Capillaries Veins return blood to the heart
Have thinner walls than arteries
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins.
Have thin walls that allow the transfer of nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and cellular waste between blood and body cells

12. Blood Vessels Capillary Vein Vein Cross Section Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Capillary Cross Section
Connective tissue
Single layer of cells

13. FYI - Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the amount of hemoglobin in the body, and the number of red blood cells that carry it, fall below normal.
This causes the body to get less oxygen, which can lead to feelings of fatigue, weakness, loss of concentration, and dizziness, as well as more serious symptoms.
Anemia can affect anyone, but people with kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease are at the highest risk.

14. Heart
A 4-chambered muscle that continually pumps blood throughout the body.
Atria are the 2 upper chambers
2 lower chambers are ventricles
divided into the right atrium & ventricle and the left atrium & ventricle

15. The Heart
Aorta
carries blood from the left ventricle to all parts of the body.
Vena cava
major vessel from upper body to heart 5 1
Pulmonary artery carries blood from heart to lungs
Pulmonary veins from lung to heart 6 2
Pulmonary veins from lung to heart
Right Atrium receives blood from the body that is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide. 3 7
Left Atrium oxygen-rich blood is carried from the lungs to the left atrium. 8 4 9
Right Ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
Left Ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood from the heart through Aorta to the body.

16. _________________ 3) 4)
_________________ 1)
__________________ 5)
__________________
__________________ 2) 6)
__________________

17. Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

18. Heart Rate
Heart rate is the # of times the heart contracts each minute.
Pulse is the surge of blood that results from the contractions of the heart.
Blood pressure is the force of blood against the artery walls.

19. Measuring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels.
Normal Blood Pressure A blood pressure reading is considered normal if it falls within the range of 90/60 to 119/79.
Low Blood Pressure Blood pressure lower than 90/60 is considered to be low blood pressure.
High Blood Pressure A person whose blood pressure is consistently 140/90 or greater has high blood pressure, or hypertension.

20. How to Keep Your Cardiovascular System Healthy
Reduce the amount of fat in your diet
Reduce the amount of salt in your diet
Exercise regularly to strengthen your heart muscles
Avoid using tobacco products because they increase blood pressure
Maintain a healthful weight
Practice stress-management skills

21. Heart Disease
The most common type is coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease (CAD)
With age, coronary arteries lose their elasticity and harden (arteriosclerosis).
Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of deposits within the coronary arteries.
The diameter of the arteries decreases, restricting and blocking blood flow of blood to the heart
Effects of atherosclerosis on coronary arteries results in CAD

22. Heart Disease - Cholesterol
Excess cholesterol is deposited in arteries
As flow of blood to the heart is restricted, the heart’s ability to pump effectively is reduced.
Angina – a person may feel pain in the chest, left shoulder, and left arm.
Can result in heart attack
Some of heart muscle tissue actually dies from lack of blood

23. Heart Disease – Symptoms of CAD
Can range from not having any symptoms or discomfort to shortness of breath and fatigue, or to mild to severe chest pain

24. CAD – Risk Factors Risk factors for CAD include: Age
Family history of heart disease
High blood cholesterol
Smoking
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Overweight/obesity
Physical inactivity
CAD is the leading cause of death for both men and women in America today.
More than 13 million suffer

25. Questions What is the function of blood? What is a red blood cell?
What is the function of a white blood cell?
What are the important differences between the 3 major types of blood vessels?
How does oxygen get into the blood?