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CHINA AND IMPERIALISM On a piece of paper: What do you think is the cartoonist’s message? Do you think he is pro or anti imperialism? Explain.
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Differences from Africa European countries did not create formal colonies in China However, they exerted economic and military influence over the country.
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Opium War Great Britain wanted to end the unfavorable trade with China English buying more from China than China buying from England Wanted to find something to sell to the Chinese The solution: OPIUM! An addictive drug
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Opium War Chinese tried to end the opium trade Protested to trading co. &to government= no results Arrested opium traders Destroyed chests of opium British viewed this as a violation of free trade & attack on property rights Sent fleet of ships to invade Chinese couldn’t defend themselves against more advanced weapons
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Treaty of Nanjing, 1842 Chinese forced to sign this “unequal treaty” after the Opium War Benefited Europeans at the expense of the Chinese Required China to: Open 5 more ports to trade Give England control of Hong Kong Grant Europeans extraterritorial rights Pay England money for starting the war
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Taiping Rebellion Taiping rebels were upset at government for allowing too much foreign influence Wanted to enact reforms Abolish private property End practice of foot binding Create democratic institutions Allow free public education
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Taiping Rebellion Chinese government asked Western nations to come help put down rebellion Took them 14 years to end the rebellion Rebellion led to: Massive starvation Disease 20-30 million deaths
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What does the cartoon tell you about the United States’ reaction to the Europeans in China?
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Open Door Policy By 1899, US had become a world power The US did a lot of business with China Didn’t want Europe to divide China up like they had with Africa Sec. of State John Hay proposed the “Open Door Policy” All nations have equal trading rights with China
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Boxer Rebellion Nationalist group called the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists” formed to drive out “foreign devils” Thought foreigners had humiliated their country Westerners called them Boxers Due to the exercises they did that they thought would make them immune to bullets
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Boxer Rebellion Boxers killed Chinese who supported Western ideas & attacked foreign embassies An international force invaded China to end the rebellion Results: China had to pay countries money China had to give countries privileges Weakened China
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Becoming a Republic Qing Dynasty began enacting reforms Most Chinese = “too little, too late” People wanted: China to industrialize & a more responsive government Rebellion broke out
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Becoming a Republic Forced the emperor to resign Declared China a republic based on “Three Principles of the People” Free China from foreign control Establish a democracy Improve economy with socialism
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Cartoon Title: “The Devilfish in Egyptian Waters” Explain the cartoonist’s message. Do you think he was pro or anti imperialism? Why did England want to control Egypt?
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