1. Medical Laboratory Diagnostic Services Tests&Values

2. Laboratory Tests  Culture & Sensitivity  Gram’s Stain  Urinalysis  Complete Blood Count  Basic Metabolic Profile  Lipoproteins

3. Culture & Sensitivity  C&S  Culture  Culture=identify microorganism  Sensitivity  Sensitivity=isolate the microorganism & see what antibiotics it is sensitive to (what kills it)

4. Gram’s Stain  Stains help identify the microorganism so physicians can treat the pt’s infection  Various stains are applied to a culture smear  Gram’s stain  Gram’s stain=most frequently used stain

5. Urinalysis  UA  Evaluates sample of urine  Used to detect & assess disorders, such as urinary tract infection, kidney disease & diabetes  Examines appearance, concentration & content of urine

6. Complete Blood Count  CBC  Blood test used to evaluate your overall health  Detects a wide range of disorders, including anemia, infection & leukemia

7. Complete Blood Count blood smear  Can also include a blood smear  Blood smear  Blood smear=drop of blood is spread thinly onto a glass slide that is then treated with a special stain  Done to follow-up on abnormal CBC results to evaluate the different types of blood cells

8. Complete Blood Count Hgb, Hct, WBC  Measures several components & features of blood, including: RBC, Hgb, Hct, WBC, & thrombocytes  Hemoglobin (Hgb)  Hemoglobin (Hgb)=determines the oxygen-carrying ability of the RBCs

9. Complete Blood Count  Hematocrit (Hct)  Hematocrit (Hct)=percentage of RBCs per total volume of blood  Blood tube is placed in centrifuge & force separates blood into 3 layers=plasma, buffy coat, & packed RBCs

10. Complete Blood Count  White Blood Cell (WBC) Count  White Blood Cell (WBC) Count= body produces more WBCs when you have an infection, allergic reaction, or are under stress  Leukopenia  Leukopenia=low WBC count  Leukocytosis  Leukocytosis=high WBC count

11. Complete Blood Count Normal Values:  Male Hgb=14-18 gm/dL  Female Hgb=12-16 gm/dL  Male Hct=41-50%  Female Hct=36-44%  WBC=4,500-10,000 cells/mL

12. Basic Metabolic Profile  BMP  BMP=measures 8 blood levels  Measures your sugar (glucose) level, electrolytes, & fluid balance, & kidney function sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine  Includes: sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine

13. Basic Metabolic Profile Normal Values Electrolytes:  Sodium (Na) 135-145 mEq/L  Potassium (K) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Sugar:  Glucose 70-100 mg/dL

14. Basic Metabolic Profile Normal Values Kidney Function:  Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 7-20 mg/dL  Creatinine (Cr) 0.5-1.4 mg/dL

15. Lipoproteins  Cholesterol  Cholesterol=waxy substance made by body & ingested in food; unable to dissolve in blood  Lipoproteins  Lipoproteins=lipid (fat) & protein complex in the blood that transports cholesterol

16. Lipoproteins lipoproteins  Two types of lipoproteins carry cholesterol to and from cells LDL  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- called “bad cholesterol” because it contributes to atherosclerosis  Optimal LDL = <100 mg/dL

17. Lipoproteins HDL  High-density lipoprotein (HDL) – called “good cholesterol” because it helps remove LDL from arteries  HDL 60 mg/dL and higher  HDL 60 mg/dL and higher is considered protective against heart disease