1. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN ECHO Madagascar January 2008

2. ECHO MANDATE  Humanitarian Aid regulation 1257/96 adopted in 1996 Save and preserve life during emergencies and their immediate aftermath, being man-made crisis or natural disasters - article 2(a) Save and preserve life during emergencies and their immediate aftermath, being man-made crisis or natural disasters - article 2(a) To carry out short term rehabilitation and reconstruction work, to help those affected regain a minimum level of self- sufficiency, taking long term development objectives into account where possible – article 2 (d) To carry out short term rehabilitation and reconstruction work, to help those affected regain a minimum level of self- sufficiency, taking long term development objectives into account where possible – article 2 (d) To ensure preparedness for risks of natural disasters and use a suitable rapid early-warning and intervention system – article 2 (f) To ensure preparedness for risks of natural disasters and use a suitable rapid early-warning and intervention system – article 2 (f)

3. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR): To minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards. DG ECHO core mandate

4. Part 1 MAIN CONCEPTS in Disaster Risk Reduction

5. PREPARACION Capacidad de respuesta (COPING CAPACITY) MITIGACIONVulnerabilidad Física Vulnerabilidad contextualPREVENCION A M E N A Z A Los componentes de la gestión del riesgo Los componentes del DESASTRE PREPAREDNESS Coping Capacities MITIGATION Physical Vulnerability Contextual Vulnerability PREVENTION HAZARDHAZARD Risk management components Disaster components

6. Risk. The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural and/or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. Conventionally, risk is expressed by the notation Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Capacity. Risk. The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural and/or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. Conventionally, risk is expressed by the notation Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Capacity. Vulnerability. A set of conditions and processes resulting from physical, social, cultural, political, economic, and environmental factors, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Vulnerability. A set of conditions and processes resulting from physical, social, cultural, political, economic, and environmental factors, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Coping capacity. The level of resources and the manner in which people or organisations use these resources and abilities to face adverse consequences of a disaster. Coping capacity. The level of resources and the manner in which people or organisations use these resources and abilities to face adverse consequences of a disaster.

7. Preparedness. Activities and measures taken in advance by people and organisations to ensure effective mobilisation of response to the potential impact of hazards, including the issuing of timely and effective early warnings, the temporary removal of people and property from a threatened location and support to the indigenous coping capacity of the population at risk.. Preparedness. Activities and measures taken in advance by people and organisations to ensure effective mobilisation of response to the potential impact of hazards, including the issuing of timely and effective early warnings, the temporary removal of people and property from a threatened location and support to the indigenous coping capacity of the population at risk.. Mitigation. Structural (physical) measures undertaken to protect and/or strengthen vulnerable elements to minimise the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation and technological hazards. Mitigation. Structural (physical) measures undertaken to protect and/or strengthen vulnerable elements to minimise the adverse impact of natural hazards, environmental degradation and technological hazards. Prevention. Measures (physical or otherwise) to ensure outright avoidance of exposure to the event or its impacts, and/or the means to control the hazard at their source whenever possible. Prevention. Measures (physical or otherwise) to ensure outright avoidance of exposure to the event or its impacts, and/or the means to control the hazard at their source whenever possible.

8. PREPAREDNESS Reinforcement of capacity to respond by the local actors before the external aid arrives. Training : search and rescue teams, provision of material and equipment, organisation of simulation exercises, … Awareness campaigns with the population (i.e: at schools) to recognise disaster risks & necessary measures. Early warning systems (collection of hydrometric data, communication systems, awareness signs, etc…). Technical surveys (mapping of villages/risks/existing structures,…). Institutional building : reinforce regional information sharing and coordination between different actors

9. MITIGATION To limit/minimise the averse impact of natural, environmental, technological hazards by reducing the physical vulnerability of the existing sites / infrastructures : Small scale pilot projects and easy to replicate models: costal reforestation, construction of protection walls along water streams, building of elevated platforms for key village assets (i.e: water points) to face flooding, reinforcement of bridges to allow quick evacuation of people, … Support to creation of infrastructures for emergency intervention: community shelters, water reservoirs, …

10. PREVENTION Improvement of decision making and reduction of vulnerabilities at a more global level. Includes: planning (i.e site planning) legal measures (i.e : construction codes) infrastructure works (i.e: dams, retrofitting,…), etc.

11. Part 2 ECHO’S POSITION

12. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN ECHO Three pillars at the level of vulnerable populations: 1. Disaster preparedness programme DIPECHO 2. Working with EC Delegation, Advocacy towards other Commission services and outside 3. Integration of disaster preparedness elements in ECHO´s main activities  integration of DP component in relief operations (as done for response to cyclones in 2007 in Madagascar)

13. 1. DIPECHO PROGRAMME Created in 1996 in the context of the UN International Decade for prevention of natural disasters. Created in 1996 in the context of the UN International Decade for prevention of natural disasters. DIPECHO global Budget 2007 = € 19.5 M (8M in 1998). DIPECHO global Budget 2007 = € 19.5 M (8M in 1998). Focus on preparedness and small-scale mitigation work: “Community-based approach” is central to the strategy but also contributes to regional/international DR promotion. Focus on preparedness and small-scale mitigation work: “Community-based approach” is central to the strategy but also contributes to regional/international DR promotion. DIPECHO covers 6 regions up to now, considered more vulnerable to natural disasters: Andean Community, Caribbean, Central America, Central Asia, South and South East Asia DIPECHO covers 6 regions up to now, considered more vulnerable to natural disasters: Andean Community, Caribbean, Central America, Central Asia, South and South East Asia Bi-annual programme by region whenever applicable  in 2007: Andean Community, Caribbean, Central America and South Asia. Regions targeted for 2008: South East Asia, Central America, SE Africa and SW Indian Ocean Bi-annual programme by region whenever applicable  in 2007: Andean Community, Caribbean, Central America and South Asia. Regions targeted for 2008: South East Asia, Central America, SE Africa and SW Indian Ocean

14. Regions targeted by ECHO’s disaster preparedness programme, and the major risks they face

15. DIPECHO Action Plan Process Submission of proposal and selection Guidelines National/Regional Consultative meetings (NCM) Decision with HAC consultation Project duration: 15 months Two year process

16. Characteristics of ECHO’s funding to disaster preparedness Characteristics of ECHO’s funding to disaster preparedness Focus on the most vulnerable groups in high-risk countries Focus on the most vulnerable groups in high-risk countries Short-term, community-based and people-centred preparedness Short-term, community-based and people-centred preparedness Create awareness, provide trainings and build local capacities Create awareness, provide trainings and build local capacities Very concrete, very practical - strong local ownership Very concrete, very practical - strong local ownership Support to national and regional coordination Support to national and regional coordination ECHO projects are designed as PILOT strategies for their region. Their impact is multiplied when the strategies are systematically integrated into long term development planning and projects

17. 2. ADVOCACY  EU member states, EC services, other bilateral donors  UN ISDR, other UN organisations  International Financial Institutions  National authorities and local authorities  IFRC and national RC societies  NGO partners

18. Complimentarity with other Commission services PREVENTION MITIGATIO N PREPA REDN ESS DEV / RELEX et al ECHO Longer term instruments of the EC, including RELEX / DEV / AIDCO are better placed to work with : National and regional programmesNational and regional programmes Programmes of institutional natureProgrammes of institutional nature Medium & long term programmesMedium & long term programmes Prevention and large scale mitigation programmesPrevention and large scale mitigation programmes

19. Working in close relationship with EC Delegations, DG ECHO give a specific emphasis to the following project strategies: Working in close relationship with EC Delegations, DG ECHO give a specific emphasis to the following project strategies: Community - based approaches. Community - based approaches. Co-operation with local actors. Co-operation with local actors. Remote and vulnerable populations not necessarily considered a priority for other stakeholders. Remote and vulnerable populations not necessarily considered a priority for other stakeholders. Post crisis contexts where the population is more receptive to risk reduction measures. Post crisis contexts where the population is more receptive to risk reduction measures. Complimentarity with other Commission services

20. 3. Mainstreaming Preparedness reflected in relief responses Affected and vulnerable groups are often eager to engage Building back better - do no harm