1. Global Lessons: First 4-6 months of the Tsunami Response

2. Objectives Highlight emerging issues, findings, lessons. Highlight emerging issues, findings, lessons. Global: repeated across several reports (not sourced). Global: repeated across several reports (not sourced). Commonplace. Commonplace. Art not science. Art not science. Key Messages from UN / National Government Workshops: Lessons need to have broad scope and be relevant for more frequent, smaller-scale disasters, given vulnerability of the region. Lessons need to have broad scope and be relevant for more frequent, smaller-scale disasters, given vulnerability of the region. Lessons are best if captured, processed and disseminated in the form of policy advice and good practice to guide future post-disaster interventions. Lessons are best if captured, processed and disseminated in the form of policy advice and good practice to guide future post-disaster interventions.

3. Source Material 27 documents (annexed). Total: c. 40 27 documents (annexed). Total: c. 40 Focus: Focus:  Region/global: 14  Indonesia: 10  Sri Lanka: 6 Agency Type: Agency Type:  9: NGOs (incl 2 DEC studies)  10: UN & World Bank  8: Other, eg, donors & research institutes

4. Guide to Document Key DAC Criteria: Effectiveness & timeliness Effectiveness & timeliness Relevance & appropriateness Relevance & appropriateness Coverage / needs assessment (incl gender & vulnerable groups) Coverage / needs assessment (incl gender & vulnerable groups) Connectedness / sustainability (incl policy coherence) Connectedness / sustainability (incl policy coherence) Impact Impact Cross-cutting themes: Coordination Coordination Beneficiary participation / consultation Beneficiary participation / consultation Role of the military Role of the military

5. Effectiveness & Timeliness Key Issues: Preparedness Chaotic aid Agency capacity:  Management / administration / staffing  Efficiency  Timeliness  Logistics Roles of different actors Quality issues (sectoral standards) Cross-cutting Issues: Coordination Beneficiary consultation / participation Role of military

6. Effectiveness & Timeliness Preparedness: greatest global lesson Building preparedness capacity best supports coordination during emergency response. Building preparedness capacity best supports coordination during emergency response.Efficiency The tendency to dump inputs and services - or provide more than can be effectively used - should be curbed through coordination and careful assessment of needs. The tendency to dump inputs and services - or provide more than can be effectively used - should be curbed through coordination and careful assessment of needs.Quality Nothing replaces presence. Nothing replaces presence.

7. Relevance / Appropriateness Food relief The prevailing idea that nutrition is compromised if food is replaced with vouchers or cash needs to be researched; increasingly shown not to be the case. The prevailing idea that nutrition is compromised if food is replaced with vouchers or cash needs to be researched; increasingly shown not to be the case.CFW CFW: A short-term solution that should be replaced by sustainable livelihoods options. Important because: CFW: A short-term solution that should be replaced by sustainable livelihoods options. Important because:  As CFW decreases, jealousy and dependency issues occur.  It doesn’t reach the most vulnerable. Role of the media Media sensationalism of disease in particular leads to inappropriate use of funds. Media sensationalism of disease in particular leads to inappropriate use of funds.

8. Coverage / Needs Assessment Needs assessments As information needed changes over time the assessment strategies for collecting it must also change. As information needed changes over time the assessment strategies for collecting it must also change. As time moves on families meet some of their own needs; one size fits all responses become more and more inappropriate. As time moves on families meet some of their own needs; one size fits all responses become more and more inappropriate. Standardised reporting formats allow users to quickly extract relevant information from shared needs assessment reports – though flexibility to meet novel situations is required. Standardised reporting formats allow users to quickly extract relevant information from shared needs assessment reports – though flexibility to meet novel situations is required. Only collect what you can use. Only collect what you can use. Distribution / targeting Vulnerability depends on threat. Vulnerability depends on threat. Not many organisations were involved in advocacy for the rights of tsunami victims, esp IDPs. Not many organisations were involved in advocacy for the rights of tsunami victims, esp IDPs.

9. Connectedness (sustainability) Humanitarian infrastructure / policy coherence Early focus on recovery. Early focus on recovery. Must make sure remaining H need doesn’t fall through gap in shift to recovery. Must make sure remaining H need doesn’t fall through gap in shift to recovery. Flexible funding of Flash Appeal allowed funding gap between relief and recovery phase to be closed. However, those countries that didn’t benefit from Flash Apeal (India and Thailand) had difficulty raising resources for recovery. Flexible funding of Flash Appeal allowed funding gap between relief and recovery phase to be closed. However, those countries that didn’t benefit from Flash Apeal (India and Thailand) had difficulty raising resources for recovery. Livelihood development Delays in livelihood development & shelter frustrates IDPs and contributes to mental health problems. Delays in livelihood development & shelter frustrates IDPs and contributes to mental health problems. Beneficiaries highlight the importance of savings and insurance schemes as well as community led reconstruction and development interventions. Beneficiaries highlight the importance of savings and insurance schemes as well as community led reconstruction and development interventions.

10. Connectedness (sustainability) contd Capacity strengthening TENSION: Local distribution systems should be established as soon as possible using community structures. This will help with equitable distribution. However, communities are not egalitarian; using community structures can reinforce existing prejudice. TENSION: Local distribution systems should be established as soon as possible using community structures. This will help with equitable distribution. However, communities are not egalitarian; using community structures can reinforce existing prejudice. The key must be to ‘build back better’ for viable and sustainable development. The key must be to ‘build back better’ for viable and sustainable development.

11. Coordination Many new actors; unprecedented involvement of business. Need to extend coord mechanisms. Many new actors; unprecedented involvement of business. Need to extend coord mechanisms. Conflict between the coordination role and the implementation one. Conflict between the coordination role and the implementation one. Significant own funds led to a lack of the coordination that comes with funding from institutional donors or the UN. Significant own funds led to a lack of the coordination that comes with funding from institutional donors or the UN. Problems of coord between national and foreign military due to lack of forces’ agreements. Problems of coord between national and foreign military due to lack of forces’ agreements.

12. Beneficiary Consultation / Participation Affected communities are key players in early relief efforts, yet not consistently consulted. Affected communities are key players in early relief efforts, yet not consistently consulted. Puts at risk sensitive issues such as land rights and vulnerable populations (incl migrant workers). Puts at risk sensitive issues such as land rights and vulnerable populations (incl migrant workers). Often geared towards efficiency rather than empowerment and ownership. Often geared towards efficiency rather than empowerment and ownership.

13. Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY  ACT International (2005) Real-time Evaluation of ACT International Tsunami Disaster Programs Apeal – Asia Earthquake & Tsunamis (ACT International). June.  ACT International (2005) Real-time Evaluation of ACT International Tsunami Disaster Programs Apeal – Asia Earthquake & Tsunamis (ACT International). June.  ALNAP (2005) Tsunami Emergency: Lessons from Previous Natural Disasters (London: ALNAP at ODI).  ALNAP (2005) Tsunami Emergency: Lessons from Previous Natural Disasters (London: ALNAP at ODI).  Bilateral Donor Group (2005) Bilateral Verification Missions to Tsunami Affected Districts in Sri Lanka, Jan – Feb 2005. (Sida)  Bilateral Donor Group (2005) Bilateral Verification Missions to Tsunami Affected Districts in Sri Lanka, Jan – Feb 2005. (Sida)  Care, CRS, Oxfam, World Vision (2005) Joint AAR of our Humanitarian Response to the Tsunami Crisis: Report of Workshop Proceedings  Care, CRS, Oxfam, World Vision (2005) Joint AAR of our Humanitarian Response to the Tsunami Crisis: Report of Workshop Proceedings  Care International / World Vision International (2005) Multi-agency Evaluation of Tsunami Response: Thailand and Indonesia. Final Report, August 2005.  Care International / World Vision International (2005) Multi-agency Evaluation of Tsunami Response: Thailand and Indonesia. Final Report, August 2005.  Care International / Oxfam GB / World Vision International (2005) Multi-agency Evaluation of Tsunami Response: India and Sri Lanka. Final Report, July 2005.  Care International / Oxfam GB / World Vision International (2005) Multi-agency Evaluation of Tsunami Response: India and Sri Lanka. Final Report, July 2005.  Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Diseases (CRED; 2005) The Andaman Nicobar earthquake and tsunami 2004: impact on diseases in Indonesia. (Brussels: CRED). July.  Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Diseases (CRED; 2005) The Andaman Nicobar earthquake and tsunami 2004: impact on diseases in Indonesia. (Brussels: CRED). July.  DEC (2005) Monitoring Mission Report: Indonesia (London: DEC).  DEC (2005) Monitoring Mission Report: Indonesia (London: DEC).  DEC (2005) Monitoring Mission Report: Sri Lanka (London: DEC).  DEC (2005) Monitoring Mission Report: Sri Lanka (London: DEC).  Fritz Institute (2005) Logistics and the Effective Delivery of Humanitarian Relief (New York: Fritz Institute). check it’s NY  Fritz Institute (2005) Logistics and the Effective Delivery of Humanitarian Relief (New York: Fritz Institute). check it’s NY  Global Alliance (2005) Disaster Communication: Lessons from the Asian Tsunami Tragedy (Johannesburg: Global Alliance).  Global Alliance (2005) Disaster Communication: Lessons from the Asian Tsunami Tragedy (Johannesburg: Global Alliance).  Government of Indonesia & UN (2005) Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Worskhop (GoI & UN).  Government of Indonesia & UN (2005) Post-Tsunami Lessons Learned and Best Practices Worskhop (GoI & UN).

14.  HelpAge International (2005) The impact of the Indian Ocean tsunami on older people (London: HelpAge International).  HelpAge International (2005) The impact of the Indian Ocean tsunami on older people (London: HelpAge International).  ICVA (2005) A Review of NGO Coordination in Aceh Post Earthquake / Tsunami (Geneva: ICVA).  ICVA (2005) A Review of NGO Coordination in Aceh Post Earthquake / Tsunami (Geneva: ICVA).  International Centre for Migration and Health (2005) Interim Report of a Meeting on Public Health Impact of the Tsunami (Geneva: ICMH).  International Centre for Migration and Health (2005) Interim Report of a Meeting on Public Health Impact of the Tsunami (Geneva: ICMH).  ISDR (2005) 10 Lessons learned from the South Asia Tsunami of 26 December 2004. (Geneva: ISDR). January.  ISDR (2005) 10 Lessons learned from the South Asia Tsunami of 26 December 2004. (Geneva: ISDR). January.  UN (2005) Regional Workshop on Lessons Learned and Best Practices in the Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami: Report and Summary of Main Conclusions (New York: OCHA).  UN (2005) Regional Workshop on Lessons Learned and Best Practices in the Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami: Report and Summary of Main Conclusions (New York: OCHA).  ODI (2005) ODI / UNDP Cash Learning Project Workshop in Aceh, Indonesia. Workshop report. (London: ODI). July.  ODI (2005) ODI / UNDP Cash Learning Project Workshop in Aceh, Indonesia. Workshop report. (London: ODI). July.  OCHA / UNDGO / UNDP (2005) Report of the Joint OCHA / UNDGO / UNDP Mission to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Indonesia. July.  OCHA / UNDGO / UNDP (2005) Report of the Joint OCHA / UNDGO / UNDP Mission to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Indonesia. July.  RedR (2005) Internal Evaluation: Phase 1: Learning Support and Capacity Building Programme in Sri Lanka (Feb – June 2005). August.  RedR (2005) Internal Evaluation: Phase 1: Learning Support and Capacity Building Programme in Sri Lanka (Feb – June 2005). August.  Refugee Studies Centre (2005) Forced Migration Review: Tsunami: Learning from the humanitarian response. Special Issue. July (Oxford: RSC).  Refugee Studies Centre (2005) Forced Migration Review: Tsunami: Learning from the humanitarian response. Special Issue. July (Oxford: RSC).  Report of the Joint OCHA / UNDGO / UNDP Mission to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Indonesia (publisher?).  Report of the Joint OCHA / UNDGO / UNDP Mission to Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Indonesia (publisher?).  OCHA (2005) Indonesia Inputs for 6 month commemoration of tsunami (OCHA Indonesia). June.  OCHA (2005) Indonesia Inputs for 6 month commemoration of tsunami (OCHA Indonesia). June.  UNDP (2005) The Post-tsunami Recovery in the Indian Ocean: Lessons Learned, Successes, Challenges and Future Action (New York: UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention & Recovery). April.  UNDP (2005) The Post-tsunami Recovery in the Indian Ocean: Lessons Learned, Successes, Challenges and Future Action (New York: UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention & Recovery). April.  UNHCR (2005) Transitional Shelter: Quality, Standards and Upgrading Guidelines  UNHCR (2005) Transitional Shelter: Quality, Standards and Upgrading Guidelines  World Bank (2005) Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias (Washington DC: World Bank), June.  World Bank (2005) Rebuilding a Better Aceh and Nias (Washington DC: World Bank), June.  World Bank (2005) Lessons from Natural Disasters and Emergency Reconstruction.  World Bank (2005) Lessons from Natural Disasters and Emergency Reconstruction.