1. Student Diversity Chapter 6 McGraw-Hill/Irwin
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2. Immigration Act of 1965 Diverse U.S. student population the result of:
Globalization
Immigration Act of 1965
Emigration from Europe dramatically declined
Emigration from Asia and Americas dramatically increased
U.S. schools are forced to respond to the influx of non-European cultures
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3. Mexican American Students
Experienced many years of segregation before winning a series of important court cases:
Mendez et al. v. Westminster School Dist. of Orange County (1946) - A U.S. District Court ruled segregation illegal because it was neither required by state law nor educationally justified
Delgado v. Bastrop Indep. School Dist. (1948) – segregation of Mexican American children is illegal and discriminatory
Cisneros v. Corpus Christi Indep. School Dist. (1970) – Brown could apply to Mexican Americans who were an identifiable dominated group
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4. Timeline of Key Decisions Affecting Mexican American Students in U. S
Timeline of Key Decisions Affecting Mexican American Students in U.S. Schools:
1790: Naturalization Act
1848: Treaty of Guadalupe
1855: California requires all school instruction to be conducted in English
1870: Texas requires all school instruction to be conducted in English
1897: Texas courts declare Mexican Americans “not white”
1918: Texas makes it a criminal offense to use any language but English in school instruction
1790: Naturalization Act
1848: Treaty of Guadalupe
1855: California requires all school instruction to be conducted in English
1870: Texas requires all school instruction to be conducted in English
1897: Texas courts declare Mexican Americans “not white”
1918: Texas makes it a criminal offense to use any language but English in school instruction
 1929: League of United Latin Citizens supports bilingual instruction 1930: Texas courts uphold right to segregate Mexican Americans for educational purposes
1935: California law allows school segregation of Mexican Americans as Indians
1952: Racial restrictions rescinded from 1790 Naturalization Law
1968: Bilingual Education Act
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5. Asian American Students
Asian Americans struggled with various stereotypes: coolie; deviant; yellow peril; model minority; g--k.
Because of model minority stereotype, Asian American students with educational difficulties are often ignored.
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6. Timeline of Key Decisions Affecting Asian American Students in U. S
Timeline of Key Decisions Affecting Asian American Students in U.S. Schools:
1790: Naturalization Act
1855: U.S. Supreme Court rules that Chinese are “not white”
1872: California school code provides no public education for Asian Americans
1882: Chinese Exclusion Law
1885: Tape decision
1885: California creates segregated schools for Chinese
1906: San Francisco School Board creates segregated schools for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Students
1922: U.S. Supreme Court rules Takao Ogawa “not white”
1924: Mississippi courts segregate Chinese students from white students
: Internment of Japanese Americans in concentration camps
1943: Congress rescinds Chinese Exclusion Act
1952: McCarran-Walter Act
1965: Immigration Act
1974: Lau v. Nichols
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7. Native American Students
Early Native American education focused on “civilizing” Native Americans and attempted to destroy tribal languages and cultures
Boarding schools set up to remove Indian children from family and tribe
Native Americans demand self-determination over education
Rough Rock Demonstration School
Indian Education Act 1972
1975 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act
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8. Six Major Goals of President Bill Clinton’s 1998 Executive Order for American Indian and Alaska Native Education:
Improve reading and mathematics;
Increase high school completion and postsecondary attendance rates;
Reduce poverty and substance abuse;
Create strong, safe, and drug-free school environments;
Improve science education;
Expand educational technology.
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9. Timeline of Key Decisions Affecting Native American Students in U. S
Timeline of Key Decisions Affecting Native American Students in U.S. Schools:
1790: Naturalization Act
1819: Civilization Act
1821: Sequoyah completes Cherokee alphabet
1823: Cherokee Phoenix: First Native American newspaper
1830: Beginning of Trail of Tears—Indian Removal Act
1867: Indian Peace Commission
1879: Founding of Carlisle Boarding School
1924: Miriam report criticizing boarding school system
1924: Native Americans granted U.S. citizenship
1969: Report: “Indian Education a National Tragedy”
1972: Indian Education Act
1974: Indian students granted freedom of religion and culture
1978: Congress grants Native Americans religious freedom
1990: Native American Languages Act
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10. Language Diversity in U.S. Schools
Between 1979 and 2008, the number of school age children who spoke a language other than English at home increased from 8.5 to 20.5 percent.
Are U.S. teachers prepared for language diversity?
Problems finding teachers with the proper training
Potential clash between predominantly white teaching staff and student body with high percentage of cultural diversity
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11. Questions in Student Diversity
Should public schools consciously attempt to eradicate the language of non-English-speaking students in a manner similar to that used with Mexican American and Native American students?
Should public schools attempts to preserve the home language of non-English-speaking students?
Should public schools consciously attempt to change or Americanize the culture of immigrant students?
Should public schools preserve the cultures of immigrant, Native American, and Mexican American students?
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