1. [ 8.2 ] The Civil Rights Movement

2. Learning Objectives Describe and identify key leaders of civil rights movements in Texas. Compare the civil rights struggles of Mexican Americans and African Americans in Texas. Understand the significance of the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act.

3. [ 8.2 ] The Civil Rights Movement Key Terms civil rights Lulu Belle Madison White primary elections Barbara Jordan Dr. Hector P. Garcia Raymond L. Telles Henry B. González James Farmer

4. African Americans Fight for Rights During World War II, many African Americans served honorably in the United States armed forces. Though U.S. troops were segregated, the military offered young African Americans some new opportunities. However, when they returned home, especially to southern states, they faced the same old prejudices and discrimination. Biased Jim Crow laws and strict segregation limited African Americans’ freedoms and access to economic and educational opportunities. As a result, African Americans across the nation began to demand civil rights. Civil rights are the rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all United States citizens.

5. African Americans Fight for Rights Early Struggles for Civil Rights The Court Upholds Civil Rights Government Leaders Resist Change African Americans Win Elections

6. African Americans Fight for Rights Lulu Belle Madison White was a civil rights activist and leader of the NAACP in Texas.

7. African Americans Fight for Rights Analyze InformationHow did civil rights activism in the mid-1900s change Texas political involvement over time?

8. Mexican Americans Fight for Change African Americans were not the only Texans who had to fight for their civil rights. Mexican American leaders in Texas fought against widespread discrimination to secure their own civil rights.

9. Mexican Americans Fight for Change Organizing for Action Fighting Unfair Treatment Mexican Texans Unite Political Firsts and Cultural Pride

10. Mexican Americans Fight for Change Dr. Hector Garcia created the American G.I. Forum in 1948. This organization worked to extend rights to Hispanic American veterans.

11. Civil Rights Spread The southern states were not alone in facing racial problems. Bias against minority groups was common across the United States. The fight for civil rights became a national movement. Civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., shared a vision for the future in his “I have a Dream” speech during the March on Washington in 1963. Thousands of people—including many Texans—flooded into the nation’s capital to show their support for civil rights reforms. That same day, civil rights protesters in Texas marched on the state capitol.

12. Civil Rights Spread One Person, One Vote Movements Become Acts Women Fight for Equal Rights American Indians Seek Civil Rights Civil and Equal Rights

13. Civil Rights Spread Texan James Farmer founded CORE to work for civil rights. This 1964 photographs shows Farmer (center, with sign) and other CORE supporters at a civil rights demonstration in New York City.

14. Civil Rights Spread Analyze DiagramsDid the peaceful methods used by both movements lead to success? Explain the reason(s) why.

15. Quiz: African Americans Fight for Rights What was the main issue in the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education? A. whites-only neighborhoods B. whites-only primary elections C. segregation in the military D. segregation in public schools

16. Quiz: Mexican Americans Fight for Change The “Viva Kennedy” campaign was an effort to encourage Mexican Americans to do what? A. vote B. create art C. serve on juries D. use the Aztec language

17. Quiz: Civil Rights Spread What was the purpose of the “one person, one vote” rule? A. to prevent minorities from voting B. to keep minorities from holding public office C. to make rural votes more important than city votes D. to stop rural whites from controlling the legislatures