1. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Identify the event. Who was this produced by? What view does if give, why? Assess the tone of the cartoon.

2. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org In 1791, Louis XVI and his family fled Paris to ally with emigres who would help him overthrow the government and break the Constitution. However, he was caught and arrested.. BRITISH CARTOON

3. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org What might be occuring here?

4. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The French people no longer trusted Louis XVI. They imprisoned him and began to discuss ending the monarchy altogether and establishing a Republic.

5. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Monday, 17 August 2015 Why was the Monarchy overthrown? KI2: The Revolution 1789-1792.

6. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Monday, 17 August 2015 Session Aims Events of 1789. Review events of 1791. Understand the events surrounding the flight to Varennes Investigate the significance of this event

7. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The war sent Paris into a panic as everyone feared the Austrians and Prussians would sweep into the city. Soldiers from Marseilles marched into Paris to defend it against tyrants at home and abroad. Their song, La Marseillaise, became France’s national anthem.

8. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org April 20, 1792 War Declared on Austria War radicalized the Revolution- failure was not an option Wars would last 23 years (with a few intermissions) Old Regimes of Europe wished to teach Revolutionaries a lesson July, 1792 “Brunswick Manifesto” –recklessly drafted by Émigrés –Prussian Duke of Brunswick invaded French frontier –Promised to destroy Paris if any harm came to King and family

9. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Commune storms Tuileries (The King’s Palace) August 1792

10. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Commune storms Tuileries (The King’s Palace) August 1792

11. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org

12. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Summer of 1792: Bold Moves By Radicals in Paris August 1792- Radical Parisians storm the Leg Assembly –Took the king captive, who went to seek safety from the mob by going to the Legislative Assembly –Mob forced the suspension of the monarchy –Call for a “National Convention” based on universal suffrage (instead of active citizenry) to decide on the future of the French government Revolution is now entering a “Radical Phase” Many radicals called themselves the Sans-Culottes –Literally “without knee-breeches,” they wore pants to associate themselves with the poor –Most sans-culottes were actually not really poor, they just did not want to be associated with wealth

13. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org End of Monarchy in France September of 1792, with most members distrustful of King On 21/9/1792, abolish the monarchy and establish a republic. Next problem over the fate of the king The debate was essentially between two factions in the National Convention –The Girondins - keep the king alive –The Mountain (radical Left Jacobins)- Kill the King!

14. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org In 1792, the Legislative Assembly abolished the French Monarchy and re-imprisoned the ex-King’s family. The Paris Commune became the official government of France, and the Legislative Assembly dissolved itself, calling for new elections for a National Convention to write a new Constitution for the French Republic.

15. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The September Massacres of 1792 Riots and insurrection in Paris War on the Frontier Jacques Danton (leader of the sans-culottes) had counter revolutionaries, aristocrats, refractory priests rounded up and imprisoned Mobs attacked jails and executed 1000 of above

16. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Describe the point of view of this person. Do you agree or disagree?

17. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Here’s a little preview…

18. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The National Convention declared universal manhood suffrage. The Convention was initially divided between Girondists and Jacobins, but over time favored the radicals. The Jacobins brought Louis XVI to trial for betraying the nation and sentenced him to death by guillotine. It had been over 100 years since the English Civil war and even the Americans were shocked that the French killed their own King.

19. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Not only were the French people shocking the rest of Europe by killing their king, they were even winning the war against Austria. The monarchs of Europe were worried that the Revolution would spread – the saying was, “When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold.” Now, even moderate countries like England, the United Provinces and Spain joined the war against France.

20. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org