1. AGNIESZKA KOZŁOWSKA-RAJEWICZ Member of the European Parliament
Overcoming youth unemployment and gender discrimination in education and the labour market.
AGNIESZKA KOZŁOWSKA-RAJEWICZ Member of the European Parliament

2. AGNIESZKA KOZŁOWSKA-RAJEWICZ Member of the European Parliament
Committee on Employment and Social Affairs
Commitee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality
Former Government Plenipotentary
for Equal Treatment
in Chancellery of the Prime Minister, Poland

5. Labour market activity among youth in EU-28 (2012), Eurostat

6. Youth unemployment rate age group 15-24 (%)
Country
Unemployment rate
age group (%)
Youth unemployment rate age group (%)
Difference (percentage point)
EU (28 countries)
10,9
23,5
12,6
Greece
27,5
58,3
30,8
Spain
26,1
55,5
29,4
Poland
10,3
27,3 17
Belgium
8,4
23,7
15,3
Austria
5,4
9,7
4,3
Germany
5,2
7,8
2,5
Source: Eurostat, 2013

11. Job vacancy rate (%) 2014Q4

12. Labour mobility

14. Practical difficulties encountered or expected in relation to working abroad (% of respondents)

15. The profile of people on the move:
Education attainment:
People with higher education degrees move more frequently than those with a lower and secondary education.
Gender:
Percentage of men and women living in another place is similar, Women display slightly greater mobility.
We can observe the feminization of mobility due to:
growing education attainment and professional training of women;
better job opportunities for women in the service sector such as childcare and elderly care;
emancipation of younger women; breaking from the traditional model of family and relationships.

16. The Youth Guarantee
young people under 25 should receive a good-quality offer of employment, further education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within 4 months of leaving formal education or becoming unemployed
one of the most crucial and urgent structural reforms that EU Member States must introduce to address youth unemployment
estimated cost of establishing Youth Guarantee schemes is €21bn a year but economic cost of young people's unemployment is €153 bn per year

18. The Youth Employment Initiative
exclusively supports young people not in employment, education or training in regions experiencing youth unemployment rates above 25% (20 eligible Member States)
The YEI funding (€ 6,4 billion) comprises of:
€ 3,2 bilion from a specific EU budget line dedicated to youth employment (frontloaded to )
€ 3,2 bilion from the ESF allocations to the Member States for the programming period
YEI pre-financing in € 1 bilion (30% of the specific allocation instead of the original 1-1.5%)

19. The Quality Framework for Traineeships
aims to help bridge the gap between education and work, and to enable young people to move around more easily within the EU
The European Alliance for Apprenticeships
is a platform that brings together key stakeholders from the employment and education sectors in order to coordinate and upscale different initiatives for successful apprenticeship-type schemes

20. EURES (European Employment Services )
is a co-operation network between the European Commission and the Public Employment Services of the EEA Member States, as well as other partner organizations such as trade unions and employer associations.
the purpose of the network is to improve the European labour market situation by facilitating mobility across national borders, by fostering the freedom of movement for workers within the EU and through better job matching

21. Your first EURES job
is a job mobility scheme to help young Europeans aged to find a job, traineeship or apprenticeship in any of the 28 Member States (remunerated, minimum 6 months contract)
it finances language courses, other training needs, recognition of qualifications and travel expenses for young job applicants (for job interviews and job settlement in other EU countries)
By the third quarter of 2014, nearly 3,200 participants have got a placement in another Member State. The target is to help some people.

22. Art. 2 of the Treaty on European Union The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These values are common to the Member States in a society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail.

23. Art. 3, par. 3 of the Treaty on European Union The Union shall establish an internal market. It shall work for the sustainable development of Europe based on balanced economic growth and price stability, a highly competitive social market economy, aiming at full employment and social progress, and a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment. It shall promote scientific and technological advance. It shall combat social exclusion and discrimination, and shall promote social justice and protection, equality between women and men, solidarity between generations and protection of the rights of the child. It shall promote economic, social and territorial cohesion, and solidarity among Member States. It shall respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity, and shall ensure that Europe's cultural heritage is safeguarded and enhanced.

24. 39%

25. The level of pensions received by women and men in Poland (in PLN), 2012

26. Employment rate (15 - 64) (% of population)
The employment rate of women and men aged in 2013, Eurostat
Country/Gender
Employment rate ( ) (% of population)
Difference
women
men
Percentage point
EU-28
58,8
69,4
10,6
Poland
53,4
66,6
13,2
Sweden
72,5
76,3
3,8
Germany
68,8
77,7
8,9
Greece
40,1
58,4
18,3
Spain
50,3
59,2
Belgium
57,2
66,4
9,2

28. Graduates from tertiary education, by field of education and sex, EU-28, Eurostat 2011

29. Representation of women and men on the boards of large listed companies, European Commission 2013

30. Reasons for economic inactivity among men and women, Eurostat 2011

31. Average time women and men spend on paid and unpaid work (hours), Eurostat 2013

32. The possible policy solutions
The compensation model:
reduces the gender pay and pension gap by making financial compensations to women for their career brakes related to raising children; this policy may:
lower retirement age for women, offer benefits for stay-at-home mothers, include and subsidize women's pension contributions during their childbearing years.
II. The reconciliation model:
reduces the gender pay and pension gap by reducing the disadvantages in the labour market and enhancing work-life balance for both women and men;
this policy may:
care facilities for the dependent,
increasing the engagement of fathers in family duties,
fighting discrimination of women in the labour market, targeting gender pay gap and glass ceiling.

34. Paternity leave in the EU Member States

35. Work-life balance index

36. Equality between men and women is: - a demographic necessity, - an economic gain, - social fairness

38. The average return on equity of companies with one woman on the board vs. with no women on the board, Credit Suisse 2012