1. Mapping the Earth

2. Imaginary Lines
A pattern of imaginary lines circle the Earth in east-west and north-south directions. The intersections of these imaginary lines help us to find places on the Earth.

3. Lines of Latitude
1. The east-west lines in the imaginary grid are called lines of latitude.
Lines of latitude are called parallels because they are always parallel to each other. These imaginary lines measure distance north and south of the equator

4. The Equator
3. The equator is an imaginary line that circles the globe halfway between the North and South Poles.

5. Measuring the Earth
2. Parallels measure the distance from the equator in degrees. The symbol for degrees is a small circle Degrees are further divided into minutes. The symbol for minutes is ‘. There are 60 minutes in a degree.

6. For a more precise location latitude and longitude are measured in minutes and seconds.

7. Parallels north of the equator are labeled “N.”
. Those south of the equator are labeled “S.”

8. Lines of latitude range from 0 degrees for location on the equator, to 90 degrees N or 90 degrees S for locations at the North and South Poles.

9. Major Lines Of Latitude

10. Lines of Longitude
4. The north-south lines are called lines of longitude. Lines of longitude are called meridians. These imaginary lines pass through the Poles. 5. They measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.

11. Meridians west of the prime meridian to 180 degrees are labeled with a “W”. Those east of the prime meridian to 180 degrees are labeled with an “E”.

12. Prime Meridian is an imaginary line that runs through
6. The prime meridian
is an imaginary line
that runs through
Greenwich, England.
It represents 0
degrees longitude.

13. Lines of longitude range from 0 degrees on the prime meridian to 180 degrees on a meridian in the mid-Pacific Ocean.

14. The farthest west location, Cape Mulinuu Savaii, Samoa
180 degrees
West longitude

15. Hemispheres
7. The equator divides the globe into two halves, called hemispheres. The north half of the equator is the Northern Hemisphere. The southern half is the Southern Hemisphere. The prime meridian divides the world into the Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere.

16. Dividing the Earth

17. North Pole
90 degrees
North
latitude
8. Robert Peary and 9 other men were first to reach the North Pole on April 6, of these men were Inuit Eskimos, Ooque ah, Ootah, Egingwah, and Seegloo and 1 African American, Matthew Henson.

18. Robert Peary
Had 8
toes
amputated
from
frostbite

19. Matthew Henson
Matthew was born of poor parents in Maryland. When he was 12 his parents died. He was sent to learn the trade of cabin boy. He traveled around the world eventually meeting Robert Peary.
On this last trip to reach the North Pole, he and Robert Peary and 8 other men set out with a team of dogs and sleds. Robert Peary became ill, sending Henson on ahead to scout the area ahead. Later on it was found to be that Henson was actually the first to reach the North Pole, not Peary, although, Peary received the credit.

20. Matthew Henson
Henson In
later years

21. 9. The South Pole was discovered after the North Pole on December 14,1911 by a Norwegian explorer named Roald Amundsen. He had hoped to discover the North Pole, but when Peary and Henson arrived first, he decided to head south.
On October 19,1911, he set out with 4 companions, 52 dogs, and 4 sleds.
He was also the first man to fly over the South Pole in a dirigible and the first to reach both the North and South Poles. He was also was first to navigate the Northwest passage in 1903.
In 1928, he set out to find his navigator who had been lost returning from the North Pole. His plane crashed and the wreckage never found.
South Pole
90 degrees
South
latitude

22. Roald Amundsen 1872-1928 Amundsen His boat At the The Alaska
South Pole
His boat
The Alaska

23. Polar Bears checking out a nuclear submarine

24. South Pole Today Penguin island in Antarctica A small city housing
scientists from
all over the world

25. 10. Seven Continents Can you name them?????

26. See if you got them right!!!
Africa
Antarctica
Asia
Australia
North America
South America
Europe

27. The largest continent is Africa
Olduvai
Gorge

28. The smallest continent is Australia

29. 11. Major Oceans

30. The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean

31. The smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean

32. 12. Map Terms Compass Rose
Used to show
direction on
a map

33. 13. Legend or Map Key
Used to give
meaning to symbols
drawn on maps

34. distance relationship
Scale
14. Used to show
distance relationship
on a map

35. Different Kinds of Maps
Physical Map

36. Historical Map

37. Route Map
Routes of Alexander
The Great’s
Armies